仿制药代购对专利药价格谈判的影响机制研究  

The Impact of Purchasing Generic Drug Overseas on Branded Drug Price Negotiation

作　　者：刘婵[1] 郭树龙[1] 刘小青 LIU Chan;GUO Shulong;LIU Xiaoqing(School of Business,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin 300222,China;School of Public Finance and Administration,Tianjin University of Finance and Economics,Tianjin 300222,China)

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学商学院,天津300222 [2]天津财经大学财税与公共管理学院,天津300222

出　　处：《产业组织评论》2022年第2期34-53,共20页Industrial Organization Review

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“中国专利药价格谈判机制与政策研究”(17YJC790091)

摘　　要：实施专利药价格谈判是降低药价的有效手段,而如何利用仿制药代购等竞争约束是提高谈判成功率的关键问题。基于中国的实际情况,本文通过构建专利药价格谈判的理论模型,分析了患者从海外代购仿制药的行为能否以及在何种条件下有利于降低专利药的谈判价格。研究发现:在提前享受专利药医保报销的患者数量较少、海外仿制药的质量较低,并且承担低自付药费比例的患者比重亦较低的情况下,仿制药代购不利于降低专利药的谈判价格;随着中国医疗保险制度的不断完善,未来患者承担的药费自付比例将逐渐趋同,届时仿制药代购将有利于降低专利药的谈判价格。本文的贡献主要是识别在中国的医疗体制和医疗保险制度下,仿制药代购对专利药价格谈判有利的条件,为完善中国的专利药价格谈判制度提供了理论支撑。Public agency negotiates for price drop with innovator pharmaceutical companies to obtain more affordable drugs.The success rate of negotiation depends on how to use the competition from overseas generic drugs.In this paper,we propose an analytical model for China’s drugs pricing negotiations and explore whether and under what conditions will the threat of purchasing generic drug overseas can help China obtain price reduction in negotiations.It shows that if patients are heterogeneous in terms of their copayment rate,when the proportion of patient who have already enjoy health insurance reimbursement before the national negotiation is small,the product differentiation between the branded and generic drugs is large,and the proportion of patient with lower health insurance copayment is small,such threat can not be useful in bringing down the branded drug price;but if patients are homogeneous in terms of their copayment rate in the future,such threat can help reduce the branded drug price.The contribution of this paper lies in identifying the conditions under which China can use purchasing generic drug overseas as a threat in price negotiations and developing a theoretical framework to support China’s drug price negotiation system.

关 键 词：仿制药代购 专利药 价格谈判 

分 类 号：F842.684[经济管理—保险] F426.72