法律规范性的说明与证立——基于实践哲学的视角  

The Explanation and Justification of the Normativity of Law——Based on the Perspective of Practical Philosophy

作　　者：冷建兵 Leng Jianbing

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院

出　　处：《朝阳法律评论》2020年第1期80-94,共15页Chaoyang Law Review

摘　　要：自哈特以后,如何说明和证成法律规范性问题成为法理论的核心问题。本文借鉴了科尔斯戈德(Korsgaard)对道德概念分析的理论范本,将法律规范性概念分为三个问题:它对于我们意味着什么、它的适用以及它的来源问题。前两者提供了一种充分说明标准,后者提供了一种证立标准。哈特及其后的惯习主义对于法律规范性问题的回答是不够的,他们只局限于说明性标准上。法律规范性作为义务性的行动理由,弱于道德规范性,只具有相对规范性;其主要适用于人类一些最重要的规则要求,还常常与权利联袂出场,但其比权利更加深刻地影响人类的实践;它的这种内涵和适用促使法理论对其来源进行辩护,因此,本文立足于实践哲学的视角,运用了规范性的一般理论,认为法律规范性的一般来源是人类的理性;并借助了夏皮罗的法律规划理论,阐述了它的特殊来源是实现道德目标的能力。Since Hart,how to explain and justify the normativity of law has become the core issue of legal theory.With the help of Korsgaard’s theoretical model of moral concept analysis,this paper divides the legal normative concept analysis into three questions:what it means to us,its application and its source.The former two provide a standard of adequate explanation,and the latter provides a standard of justification.The conventionalism of Hart and later is not enough to answer legal normative questions.They are limited to descriptive standards.Legal norms,as obligatory reasons for action,are weaker than ethical norms and are only relatively normative.They are mainly applicable to some of the most important rules and requirements of mankind,and often appear in conjunction with rights,but they affect humanity more deeply than rights.As for practice;its connotation and application prompt legal theory to defend its source.Therefore,based on the perspective of practical philosophy,this article uses normative general theories and believes that the general source of legal norms is human reason.This article explains Shapiro’s legal planning theory and explains that its special source is the ability to achieve moral goals.

关 键 词：法律规范性 法律义务 道德目标命题 法律规划 惯习主义 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]