青藏高原东部发现的古藏文刻经与吐蕃时期的汉藏佛教交融  

Buddhist Sutras Carved on Stone in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Interactions between Han and Tibetan Buddhism during the Tubo Period

作　　者：张长虹[1] ZHANG Chang-hong

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国藏学研究所,成都610065

出　　处：《中国藏学》2022年第4期16-25,210-211,共12页China Tibetology

基　　金：四川大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地专项研究成果

摘　　要：20世纪80年代以来,在西藏昌都和青海玉树地区都发现了一批吐蕃时期的佛教石刻,既有造像又有刻经。文章梳理出其主要刻经内容有:《普贤菩萨行愿王经》《大日如来及众眷属赞》《无量寿宗要经》《圣薄伽梵母般若波罗蜜多心经》。通过对汉、藏文大藏经和敦煌文献中保存的同名佛经的整理分析,发现这些佛经均有藏、汉译本,不仅保存在汉、藏文大藏经中,在敦煌文献中也均有发现,是在吐蕃时期就已经译出并且非常流行的经典。根据同出的古藏文纪年题记信息,西藏昌都察雅仁达和青海玉树贝沟石刻佛经的年代为公元9世纪初吐蕃赞普赤德松赞时期。这些佛教石刻的出现应是吐蕃王室推行佛教政治的产物,反映了吐蕃时期汉藏佛教间的密切互动与深度交融。Since the 1980s,several Buddhist rock carvings of images combined with old Tibetan inscriptions dated to the Tubo period have been found in Chamdo of Tibet Autonomous Region,and in Yushu,Qinghai Province.In this paper,we sorted out these rock carved sutras and discovered that they belong to the Kun du[or:tu]bzang po spyodpavismon lam gyirgyal po,the rNam par snangmdzadvkhor dang bcas pa la bstod pa,the Tshedpag du myedpavimdosde and the vPhags pa bcomldanvdas ma shesrabgyipharol du phyinpavisnying po.These sutras were already translated into Tibetan during the Tubo period and similar Tibetan and Chinese translations can be found in both Tibetan and Han Buddhist canons and old Dunhuang documents.According to the inscription,the date of the Buddhist rock carvings in Chamdo and Yushu can be placed in the reign of btsan po Khrildesrongbtsan,that is,sometime in the beginning of the ninth century.Upon closer inspection of these rock carvings,we argue that they were the product of the implementation of Buddhist politics by the Tibetan royal court and reflect the close interaction and intimate relationship between Han and Tibetan Buddhism during the Tubo period.

关 键 词：青藏高原东部 古藏文刻经 吐蕃时期 汉藏佛教 

分 类 号：B949.2[哲学宗教—宗教学] K877.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]