农地产权、要素配置与农户投资激励:“短期化”抑或“长期化”?  

Farmland Property Rights,Factor Allocation and Farmers’Investment Incentives:Short-term or Long-term?

作　　者：胡雯 张锦华[1,2] 陈昭玖[3] Hu Wen;Zhang Jinhua;Chen Zhaojiu(Institute of Finance and Economics,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China;Research Institute of Agricultural,Farmer and Rural Society,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,China;College of Economics and Management,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学财经研究所,上海200433 [2]上海财经大学三农研究院,上海200433 [3]江西农业大学经济管理学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《财经研究》2020年第2期111-128,共18页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(71333004);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71773068);国家自然科学基金地区项目(71563019和71863019);上海财经大学研究生创新基金项目(CXJJ-2018-420).

摘　　要：文章基于粮食作物、经济作物和水稻三类生产特性,利用我国9省(区)2704个农户的调查数据,实证考察了农地产权和要素配置对农户投资激励的因果效应。研究表明:(1)农地产权对农户投资激励的作用存在历史动态的过程、个体差异的效果和各项政策的交互,并且表现为短期化和长期化的特征;(2)农地产权不直接作用于农户投资决策,而是通过农地流转的配置行为间接激励短期化(服务外包)和长期化(自购机械)的投资行为;(3)产权稳定改善了农户配置农地要素的灵活性,转入农地的农户更倾向于长期化投资,转出农地的农户短期化投入更显著;(4)农地确权促进水稻种植户的长期投资行为,抑制稻农的短期化投资。文章认为,农地产权制度要保持产权的灵活性和强度,通过放松产权管制来盘活经营权和激活生产要素流动,由此提高要素配置效率和农业生产绩效。重新审视农户异质性的多目标函数和要素禀赋的约束条件,才是农户依据价格信号和政策导向决策投资的题中之义。Farmland property rights(FPRs)are essential institutional constraints on factor allocation and can play an important role in farmers’investment behavior.Based on the data from 2,704 rural households in 9 provinces,this paper discusses the three production characteristics of food crops,cash crops and rice.Then we examines the casual effect of FPRs and factor allocation on farmers’investment incentives.Our research focuses on constructing the micro-theoretical model of the household’s factor allocation behavior,and uses the mediating effect model and the propensity score matching method to identify the causal effect of farmers’investment incentives.The estimation results show that:(1)The effect of FPRs on investment incentives is characterized by the historical dynamic process,the effect of individual differences,and the interaction of various policies.(2)FPRs do not directly affect farmers’investment decisions,but indirectly stimulate short-term(service outsourcing)and long-term(self-purchasing machinery)investment behavior through the allocation behavior of farmland transfer.(3)The stability of FPRs improves the flexibility of farmers’allocation of farmland.Farmers who transfer in farmland are more inclined to long-term investment,while farmers who transfer out farmland are more likely to short-term investment.(4)Farmland tilting promotes the long-term investment behavior of rice farmers,and inhibits the short-term investment behavior of rice farmers.Overall,our findings highlight the importance of FPRs on factor allocation and investment incentives.A basic conclusion is that only when FPRs are well-defined can the market play its role in allocating factors of production.To re-examine the multi-objective function of farmers’heterogeneity and the constraints of factor endowments is the meaning of farmers’decision-making investment based on price signals and policy orientation.

关 键 词：农地产权 要素配置 投资激励 短期化 长期化 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]