中美竞技体育结构体系特征的对比与分析  

Comparison and Analysis of Characteristics of Competitive Sports Strctrual System between China and America

作　　者：徐开娟[1,2] 黄海燕 卢文云[1] XU Kai-juan;HUANG Hai-yan;LU Wen-yun(Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Sports and Health Industry,Shanghai University of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;Business Management Postdoctoral Programs,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动与健康产业协同创新中心,上海200438 [2]复旦大学工商管理站,上海200433

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2019年第11期90-99,共10页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家体育总局决策咨询研究重点项目“中美竞技体育比较研究”(项目编号:2018-B-09-1).

摘　　要：东京奥运会、北京冬奥会2项重大任务渐次临近;体育强国建设使命方向在前,中国急需在自我剖析、继承经验的基础上博采众长,不断优化竞技体育成长要素,转变竞技体育发展方式。主要通过文献资料法、比较分析法对中美竞技体育管理体系、优势项目布局与投入、训练体系、科技保障、竞赛体系等结构体系进行对比分析。提出:美国竞技体育结构体系为我国提供了诸多启发,在我国坚持政府对竞技体育发展的调控引导和管理不能改变的前提下,放开微观要素,推行开放办体育,构建科学的项目投入绩效评估体系,构建国家和社会多元参与的奥运备战体系,健全多元化后备人才培养体系,切实推进"体教结合"转向"教体融合",建立健全运动员文化教育和运动员保障的政策体系与长效机制,建立完善开放的教练员培养体系,建立全国训练基地网络体系框架,建立现代化竞赛体系等。The Tokyo 2020 Olympics and the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics are approaching.The mission of building a leading sport nation lies ahead.China urgently needs to learn from others on the basis of self-analysis and inheriting experience,constantly optimize the growth elements of competitive sports and change the development mode of it.Through the method of literature and comparative analysis,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the management systems,the distribution and investment of advantageous sports,the training systems,the scientific and technological support systems and the competition systems between Chinese and American competitive sports.The structural system of American competitive sports has provided China with many inspirations.On the premise that the government’s control,guidance and administration of competitive sports development cannot be changed,we should open up micro-elements,promote the opening of the competitive sport market,build a scientific performance evaluation system of project investment,establish a preparatory system for the Olympic Games with diversified participation by the national teams and social forces,improve the diversified reserve personnel training system,effectively transfer from the"combination of sports and education"to the"integration of education and sports",establish and improve a policy system and long-term mechanism for athletes’academic education and athletes’guarantee,establish an open training system for coaches,establish a network system of national training bases,and build a modern competition system.

关 键 词：中美比较 竞技体育 结构体系 发展要素 发展启示 

分 类 号：G811[文化科学—体育学]