刑事不法与行政不法的差异:量差说的辩护与拓展  

The Difference between Criminal and Administrative Offenses:the Defense and Expansion of the Theory of Quantitative Difference

作　　者：黄小飞[1] HUANG Xiao-fei

机构地区：[1]四川大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2022年第6期118-132,共15页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“法官激励机制优化的理论与实践研究”(21BFX180);2022年度四川大学法学院中央高校基本科研业务费(法学)研究课题“四川省食药安全领域行刑衔接的制度优化研究”(2022fxzy-06)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：“质·量差异”理论原本是形塑行政罚与刑罚关系的立法政策理论,若作为解释理论框架,应当先明确刑事不法与行政不法的实在法差异以及这种差异背后的立法理念。行政犯的规范结构以及“行刑衔接”的制裁模式,反映刑事不法与行政不法的确是一种量差关系。量差格局的出现,根源于立法者采取的量差立法理念,即根据行为轻重不同“阶段性”地分配力度不同的两种处罚。具体到应用层面,量差说具有限制行政犯成立范围的“双向”解释机能,一方面明确行政犯的限制解释方向,另一方面明确应当根据行政犯的构成要件来反向制约行政不法的构成;而且,结合犯罪论的基本原理,还可以发现量差说具有树立理想的行政犯类型的立法指导机能。The theory of qualitative and quantitative difference was originally a legislative policy theory shaping the relationship between administrative punishment and punishment.If it is used as the theoretical framework of interpretation,it should first clarify the positive law difference between criminal offence and administrative offence and the legislative concept behind this difference.The normative structure of administrative crime and the sanction mode of“execution connection”reflect that criminal illegality and administrative illegality are indeed a quantitative difference.The emergence of quantitative difference pattern is rooted in the concept of legislative quantitative difference adopted by legislators,that is,two kinds of punishment with different intensities are distributed“periodically”according to the severity of behavior.On the application level,the theory of quantitative difference has the“two-way”interpretation function of limiting the scope of the establishment of administrative crime.On the one hand,it defines the direction of limiting the interpretation of administrative crime,on the other hand,it makes it clear that the composition of administrative illegality should be inversely restricted according to the constituent elements of administrative crime;Moreover,combined with the basic principles of crime theory,it can also be found that the theory of quantitative difference has the legislative guiding function of establishing an ideal type of administrative crime.

关 键 词：量差说 可刑的行政不法 双向解释 理想的行政犯 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]