官僚制质量与女性官员的清廉效应——基于73个国家的面板数据分析  

Bureaucracy Quality and the Clean Effect of Women’s Representation——Based on a Panel Data Set of 73 Countries

作　　者：杜娟 DU Juan(School of Public Policy and Management,Tsinghua University)

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《公共管理评论》2020年第3期67-90,共24页China Public Administration Review

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目“公共管理与公共政策”(项目批准号:71625006);国家建设高水平大学公派留学基金(留金选[2019]110号)资助

摘　　要：招募更多女性担任公职常被认为是提升政府廉洁性的有效途径。然而,人们对于女性促进政府清廉的精确机制仍缺乏深刻认识。本文从官僚制质量作为调节机制的新理论角度分析女性在反腐败中发挥作用的逻辑,提出女性官员对腐败的抑制效应取决于官僚制质量高低。官僚制质量低下的组织中性别规范盛行,女性官员倾向于更少地腐败来践行她们诚实、公正的性别特质,而高质量的官僚制度能够限制组织内部传统性别规范的影响,消解女性性别特质,故而女性官员不再是抑制腐败的力量。通过分析2000—2016年间全球73个国家的面板数据,对上述条件式假说进行验证。实证结果表明,只有当官僚制质量较低时,公共部门女性官员比例才与腐败水平之间呈负相关关系;当官僚制质量处于中高水平时,公共部门女性官员比例与腐败水平的相关关系不显著。本文为性别与腐败理论研究和廉政政策设计提供了有益启示。When can women ’s representation in the public sector reduce corruption?Recruiting more women for public office serves as a means to curb corruption in academia and policy practice. The role of women’s representation is receiving widespread attention in academia and anti-corruption practices,and the literature on gender and corruption has become a high-profile theoretical school in corruption research. Yet, the precise mechanism underlying the relationship remains largely unclear. Academic research on gender differences in corruption has developed two theoretical paradigms: the gender cultural stream and the institutional determinism stream. This article builds on institutional theory and interprets the relationship between gender and corruption from the perspective of a meso-level theoretical approach to bureaucratic institutions. The article builds a theoretical framework, emphasizing the interactions between gender social culture,members of the bureaucratic organization,and bureaucratic institutions. It points out that women’s personal characteristics are the result of social construction,and the quality of the bureaucracy provides a mediating mechanism for the prevalence or decline of female traits within the organization. Specifically, poor-quality bureaucratic organizations are affected by strong gender norms,forcing female officials into traditional gender roles. In contrast,in a medium-or high-quality bureaucracy,the bureaucratic institutions largely dispel gender norms within the organization and absorb the personal characteristics of the actors. This article validates this theory using a panel dataset including 73 countries between 2000 and 2016. I show that women as a share of senior officials in the public sector have a negative effect on corruption when the quality of the bureaucracy is low. The effect of the share of women in curbing corruption decreases as the quality of the bureaucracy improves. This article extends this literature by incorporating personal characteristics and institutional

关 键 词：腐败 女性 官僚制质量 文化规范 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理] D523.4[社会学]