我国应急管理体系的现状、问题及解决路径  

The Status Quo and Problems with and Solutions to Chinas National Emergency Management System

作　　者：闪淳昌[1,2] 周玲 秦绪坤[5] 沈华 宿洁[7] SHAN Chunchang;ZHOU Ling;QIN Xukun;SHEN Hua;SU Jie(Crisis Management for the State Council;School of Social Development and Public Policy,Beijing Normal University,Center for Crisis Management Research(Sponsored by Beijing Planning Office of Philosophy&Social Science),School of Public Policy&Management,Tsinghua University;Engineer of Emergency Research Institute of XinXing Cathay International Group,XinXing Cathay Science&Technology Development CO.,LTD.;Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences;School of Management Science and Engineering,Central University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]国务院应急管理专家组 [2]国家减灾委专家委 [3]北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院 [4]清华大学公共管理学院应急管理研究基地 [5]新兴际华科技发展有限公司新兴际华集团应急研究总院 [6]中国科学院科技政策与管理科学研究所 [7]中央财经大学管理科学与工程学院

出　　处：《公共管理评论》2020年第2期5-20,共16页China Public Administration Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国社会应急救援服务体系建设研究”(项目批准号:16ZDA054);国家重点研发计划项目“安全韧性城市构建与防灾技术研究与示范”(项目批准号:2018YFC0809900);应急管理部委托课题“‘十四五’应急管理体制机制改革创新研究”资助

摘　　要：新中国成立后,我国应急管理体系经历了单灾种应对为主、以"一案三制"为核心、以总体国家安全观为统领的三个发展阶段。总体来看,我国现阶段应急管理体系建设还存在顶层设计亟待加强、应急体制有待深度融合、应急能力亟须提高、应急法制与标准建设亟待完善等一系列问题,需要从管理理念、体制架构、机制设计、法制建设、国际合作等多个方面进一步探索解决路径。The evolution of a nation’s emergency management system determines the ability and efficiency of a country to deal with emergencies.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China’s emergency management system underwent three stages of development:the Ad Hoc Model stage,which was appointed related departments to deal with specific emergencies respectively,leading to scattered resources and separate powers in emergency responses;the " One Plan,Three Systems" Model stage,when a comprehensive system was constructed to reduce and respond to emergencies,with the core elements including emergency response plans,an organizational structure,operational mechanisms,and a legal system;and the Holistic National Security Concept Guided Model stage,which integrated emergency resources in an all-round way through the establishment of specific and independent departments.The Resolution of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18 th Central Committee of CPC laid out the overall direction for China to build a modern emergency management system,and the nation is currently making great efforts to realize this goal.However,problems such as the lack of a top-level design and overall planning,a weak institutional foundation,dispersed resources to treat emergencies,and an imperfect legal system are hindering such efforts.To advance the modernization of a national emergency management capability,China should take measures in five respects:first,further strengthening the concept of comprehensive management to deal with disasters,with the core ideas including taking all kinds of emergencies into consideration,responding to emergencies in a full life-cycle manner,and organizing all related stakeholders and resources both outside and inside the government to deal with emergencies;second,optimizing the organizational structure,that is,perfecting the overall planning of the Central(National) Emergency Management System Framework and the Top-level Design,in particular,establishing a Central Emergency Management Committee(National C

关 键 词：应急管理体系 公共安全 国家安全 体制 机制 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学]