晋北紫花苜蓿需水量对气候变化的响应  

Change trend of water requirement of alfalfa and its response to climate warming in Northern of Shanxi Province

作　　者：李孟蔚 樊子菡 赵永强[1] 王大勇[1] 米晓楠[1] 杨倩 栾青[1] 常清 LI Mengwei;FAN Zihan;ZHAO Yongqiang;WANG Dayong;MI Xiaonan;YANG Qian;LUAN Qing;CHANG Qing(Shanxi Climate Center,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shanxi Forestry and Grassland Engineering Station,Taiyuan 030000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省气候中心,太原030006 [2]山西省林业和草原工程总站,太原030000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第S01期135-139,共5页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021J067);山西省科技厅自然科学面上项目(202203021211082);山西省气象局青年资助项目(SXKQNQH20217147)

摘　　要：【目的】分析晋北紫花苜蓿需水量对气候变化的响应。【方法】基于彭曼-蒙特斯公式,利用1972—2019年晋北6个气象站的气象观测资料和紫花苜蓿生育期资料,对晋北典型牧草种植区的紫花苜蓿需水量进行估算,探讨气候变化对紫花苜蓿需水量的影响。【结果】紫花苜蓿需水量最大的地区主要集中在怀仁市和山阴县,其次为应县、平鲁区、朔城区;右玉县需水量最小。晋北紫花苜蓿生长季需水量呈减少趋势,紫花苜蓿生长季多年平均需水量为751 mm,平均每10 a下降11 mm。【结论】紫花苜蓿需水量的下降主要是由风速、日照时间的变化共同导致。气候变暖会增加紫花苜蓿需水量,不同区域的需水量变化不同,未来气温变暖可能对山区、气温较低地区的紫花苜蓿需水量影响最为显著。【Objective】To improve the quality production level of alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)and high-quality development of green animal husbandry in northern Shanxi,it is necessary to adjust the crop structure of alfalfa to adapt to the impact of climate change.【Method】Based on the method of Penman-Monteith equation modified by FAO,daily data of average temperature,relative humidity,precipitation,wind speed and sunshine duration at 6 meteorological stations in northern of Shanxi Province from 1972 to 2019 and the growth period data of Alfalfa were selected to analyze the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of water requirement of Alfalfa and the impact of climate change.【Result】The results showed that the largest water requirement of alfalfa in growing season mainly concentrated in Huairen City and Shanyin County.Then Ying County,Pinglu District and Shuocheng District in the middle;Youyu County has the smallest ecological water requirement.The water requirement of alfalfa significantly decreased as a whole,the annual water requirement of alfalfa in northern of Shanxi Province was 751 mm and the average decrease was 11 mm/10 a.【Conclusion】The water requirement of alfalfa was closely related to local meteorological conditions.Compared with other meteorological elements,the variations of wind speed and sunshine duration had more important effects on water requirement of alfalfa in northern of Shanxi.The increasing temperature increased the water requirement of alfalfa,the increase of water requirement in different regions was not completely equivalent,and the impact of climate warming on water requirement in mountainous areas and cold regions was more obvious.

关 键 词：气候变化 紫花苜蓿 需水量 晋北 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]