智能灌溉施肥对设施番茄水氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of Intelligent Irrigation Fertilization on Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Tomato

作　　者：孟繁超 吕昊峰 董静[2] 何世朋 李飞 刘庆花[1] 梁斌[1] MENG Fanchao;LYU Haofeng;DONG Jing;HE Shipeng;LI Fei;LIU Qinghua;LIANG Bin(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,China;Agricultural Bureau of Shouguang,National Shouguang Comprehensive Test Station for Bulk Vegetable System,Weifang 262700,China;Weifang Vocational College,Weifang 262700,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学资源与环境学院,山东青岛266109 [2]寿光市农业局国家大宗蔬菜体系寿光综合实验站,山东潍坊262700 [3]潍坊职业学院,山东潍坊262700

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第S01期7-12,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2021CXGC010801)

摘　　要：【目的】明确测墒自动灌溉对水氮利用效率的影响,探索确定设施番茄最佳墒情管理参数。【方法】通过连续3季的田间试验,结合土壤墒情实时原位监测与“智能+”技术,以传统漫灌施肥为对照(CK),探究不同土壤含水率范围(田间持水率的60%~65%、75%~80%、60%~95%)对设施番茄产量、品质、水氮利用效率的影响。【结果】基于土壤墒情原位监测的智能灌溉施肥技术能够将土壤表层(0~30cm)含水率控制在设定区间之内。60%~65%、75%~80%、60%~95%处理单季灌溉次数分别平均为55、87、10次,单季灌水量为1215~3105 m^(3)/hm^(2)比传统漫灌施肥处理减少了35.9%~78.4%,番茄果实产量增加了2.6%~24.3%,灌溉水利用效率提高至42.8~58.7kg/m^(3),氮素利用效率提高至26.3%~34.7%,其中75%~80%处理较其他处理产量显著增加12.8%~18.3%,3季平均产量达111 t/hm^(2),单季灌溉量平均为2655 m^(3)/hm^(2),较漫灌处理节水51.4%,灌溉水利用效率达到42.78 kg/m^(3)。氮素表观损失量为漫灌处理的67.1%。【结论】基于土壤墒情原位监测的智能灌溉施肥技术可实现“少量多次”的灌溉制度,从而大幅度减少灌溉量和劳动力成本,降低氮素淋溶风险,提高设施番茄产量和水氮利用效率。【Objective】In order to clarify the influence of automatic irrigation of soil moisture measurement on water use efficiency,explore and determine the optimal soil moisture management parameters of greenhouse tomato,and provide technical support for the green and healthy development of greenhouse agriculture.【Method】The effects of management parameters(60%~65%,75%~80%,60%~95%of field water capacity and flood irrigation treatment)on yield,quality and water and nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse tomato were investigated through field experiment for three consecutive seasons,combined with real-time monitoring of soil moisture in situ and“smart+”technology.【Result】The intelligent irrigation based on soil moisture monitoring in situ controlled the soil surface water content within the set range.The irrigation times of 60%~65%,75%~80%and 60%~90%treatments were 55,87 and 10 times in a single season on average,realizing the precise management of a small number of times.Compared with flood irrigation treatment,the yield was increased by 2.6%~24.3%,the irrigation amount was 1215~3105 m^(3)/hm^(2),decreased by 35.9%~78.4%,the water use efficiency was increased to 42.8~58.7kg/m^(3),and the nitrogen use efficiency was increased to 26.3%~34.7%.The yield of 75%~80%treatment was significantly increased by 12.8%~18.3%compared with other treatments,the average yield of three seasons was 111t/hm^(2),the irrigation amount of one season was 2655 m^(3)/hm^(2),the water saving was 51.4%,the water use efficiency was 42.78 kg/m^(3),and the apparent nitrogen loss was 67.1%compared with that of flood treatment.【Conclusion】Intelligent irrigation based on soil moisture monitoring in situ can not only improve the yield and quality of tomato,but also improve the efficiency of water and nitrogen use,reduce the risk of nitrogen leaching,reduce the apparent loss,and provide a basis for the optimization of irrigation parameters.

关 键 词：设施番茄 土壤墒情原位监测 智能灌溉施肥 产量 水氮利用效率 

分 类 号：S274.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]