2018-2022年沈阳市鼠类监测  

Analysis of rodent monitoring results in Shenyang City from 2018 to 2022

作　　者：王鼎然 吴旭[1] 周博[1] 朱洋 贾贺 于冠华 吴思璇 WANG Dingran;WU Xu;ZHOU Bo;ZHU Yang;JIA He;YU Guanhua;WU Sixuan(Shenyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenyang,Liaoning 110623,China;dalian medical university,Dalian,Liaoning 116000,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳市疾病预防控制中心,辽宁沈阳110623 [2]大连医科大学,辽宁大连116000

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2023年第6期521-525,共5页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

摘　　要：目的掌握沈阳市不同年份、不同生境类型下鼠密度、种群分布及季节消长等动态变化规律,为鼠类防治提供科学依据.方法采用夹夜法进行监测,设置居民区、餐饮业和农村自然村3类监测环境类型,每类监测环境类型分别设置2个监测点位.结果2018-2022年共收集到有效夹为17476只,捕鼠数为47只,总体鼠密度为0.27%.5年期间鼠密度控制在<1.00%;沈阳市不同生境的鼠密度:农村自然村(0.34%)>餐饮业(0.28%)>居民区(0.19%),不同生境鼠密度差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.668,P<0.001);沈阳市鼠密度高峰出现在夏季7月,冬季鼠密度最低;共捕获鼠类47只,分别为褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、小家鼠和东方田鼠,其中褐家鼠为沈阳市优势种,5年共捕获32只,占鼠类总捕获数量的68.09%.结论结合沈阳市鼠类优势种群的生态学习性、鼠类生境特点以及沈阳市鼠类季节消长情况制定全年防鼠灭鼠计划方案,有针对性地开展综合防治措施,夏季城镇居民区及餐饮业要开展以褐家鼠为主的防制工作,清除褐家鼠适宜的栖息地,切断其食物来源,定点投放鼠药及捕鼠器械;农村自然村应针对黑线姬鼠及褐家鼠的生存习性及特点开展灭鼠防鼠工作,切断农村自然村鼠类食物来源途径,提高农村自然村生活垃圾处理效率,定时开展鼠类防制工作,从而达到有效控制鼠密度,降低鼠传疾病的发生.Objective To master the dynamic changes of rodent density,population distribution and seasonal fluctuations in different years and different habitat types in Shenyang,and to provide a scientific basis for rodent control.Methods The trap(sticky)night method was used for monitoring.Three monitoring environment types were set up:residential areas,catering industry and rural natural villages,and two monitoring sites were set up for each type of monitoring environment.Results From 2018 to 2022,a total of 17476 effective traps were collected,and 47 rodents were captured,with an overall rodent density of 0.27%.The rodent density was controlled below 1.00%during the five-year period.The rodent density in different habitats of Shenyang was rural natural villages(0.34%)>catering industry(0.28%)>residential areas(0.19%),with a statistically significant difference in different habitats(χ^(2)=18.668,P<0.001).The peak of rodent density in Shenyang occurred in July in summer,and the lowest in winter.A total of 47 rodents were captured,including Rattus norvegicus,Apodemus agrarius,Mus musculus and M.musculus orientalis.Among them,R.norvegicus was the dominant species in Shenyang,with 32 rodents captured in the past five years,accounting for 68.09%of the total number of rodents.Conclusion The annual rodent control plan should be formulated according to the ecological learning ability of the dominant rodent population,the habitat characteristics of rodents and the seasonal fluctuation of rodents in Shenyang.Targeted comprehensive control measures should be carried out.In summer,the prevention and control work should focus on R.norvegicus in urban residential areas and catering industry,which includes removing the suitable habitat of R.norvegicus,cutting off its food source,and using rat poison and rat traps at designated spots;in rural villages,the prevention and control work should be carried out according to the survival habits and characteristics of A.niger and R.norvegicus,which includes cutting off the food source of rodents

关 键 词：鼠类 密度 监测 季节消长 

分 类 号：S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]