宁夏灵武鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行特征分析  

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of animal pestisin natural plague of pestis in Lingwu,Ningxia

作　　者：李建鹏 张威 杨鹏 张涛[2] 哈龙 张丽彤 LI Jianpeng;ZHANG Wei;YANG Peng;ZHANG Tao;HA Long;ZHANG Litong(Lingwu Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lingwu,Ningxia 751400,China;Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan,Ningxia 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]灵武市疾病预防控制中心,宁夏灵武751400 [2]宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川750004

出　　处：《中华卫生杀虫药械》2023年第6期544-548,共5页Chinese Journal of Hygienic Insecticides and Equipments

基　　金：国家生物安全实物核心资源库支撑关键技术研究课题(编号:2022YFC2602203)

摘　　要：目的了解掌握宁夏灵武鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行特征,为预防控制鼠疫提供重要数据.方法收集整理1969年以来灵武鼠疫监测基础资料和疫情报告卡,采用描述动物鼠疫流行病学方法.结果1969-2023年发生动物鼠疫流行3次,检出鼠疫菌16株,鼠疫阳性血清11份,4-5份为流行高峰;2009-2023年共捕获鼠类15336只,隶属4科9属12种,弓形夹法调查平均鼠密度2.61只/hm^(2),5 m夹线法调查夜行鼠平均捕获率4.73%;获蚤22477匹,隶属5科11属21种(亚种),鼠体平均染蚤率36.06%,平均蚤指数1.36,鼠巢平均染蚤率为70.47%,平均蚤指数为2.26.结论灵武市鼠疫自然疫源地属内蒙古高原长爪沙鼠鼠疫自然疫源地的组成部分,长爪沙鼠和子午沙鼠为优势种群,同型客蚤和秃病蚤为主要媒介,随着监测工作持续深入,新疫点陆续被发现,提示疫源地有外扩的趋势.Objective To understand the plague characteristics of pestis among animals in the natural focus of pestis in Lingwu,Ningxia,and provide important data for pestis prevention and control of pestis.Methods Relevant information of plague since 1969 was collected and sort out the basic data of pestis surveillance and epidemic situation report card in Lingwu,and adopt descriptive animal pestis epidemiological methods.Results From 1969 to 2023,animal pestis epidemics occurred three times,16 strains of Yersinia pestis were detected,11 pestis positive sera were detected,and the epidemic peak was from April to May;From 2009 to 2023,a total of 15336 rodents were captured,belonging to 4 families,9 genera,and 12 species,the average density of rodents surveyed using the bow clamp method was 2.61/hm^(2),and the average capture rate of nocturnal rodents surveyed using the 5 m clamp method was 4.73%;Obtained 22477 fleas,belonging to 5 families,11 genera,21 species(subspecies);The average flea infection rate of the mice was 36.06%,with an average flea index of 1.36.The average flea infection rate of the mouse nest was 70.47%,and the average flea index was 2.26.Conclusion The natural focus of pestis in Lingwu City is a part of the natural focus of pestis of Meriones unguiculatus on the the Inner Mongolian Plateau.Meriones unguiculatus and Meriones meridianus are the dominant populations,and the same type of Xenopsylla conformis and Nosopsyllus laeviceps are the main vectors.With the continuous deepening of monitoring,new foci have been found,suggesting that the epidemic source has a trend of expansion.

关 键 词：鼠疫疫源地 动物鼠疫 流行特征 鼠疫菌 灵武市 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]