纯丙烯酸乳液的表征、性能及其在壁画保护中的应用  

On the Characteristics,Properties and Application of Pure Acrylic Emulsion in the Conservation of Murals

作　　者：李燕飞[1] 徐莉娜 方晓芸 王磊 赵林毅[1] 俞洁[5] LI Yanfei;XU Lina;FANG Xiaoyun;WANG Lei;ZHAO Linyi;YU Jie(National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites,Dunhuang 736200,Gansu,China;Maiji Mount Grottoes,Tianshui 741020,China;Gansu Mogao Grottoes Cultural Heritage Protection Design Consulting Co.,LTD,Dunhuang 736200,China;Technical Service Center for Cultural Relic Conservation,Dunhuang Academy,Dunhuang 736200,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [2]麦积山石窟艺术研究所,甘肃天水741020 [3]甘肃莫高窟文化遗产保护设计咨询有限公司,甘肃敦煌736200 [4]敦煌研究院文物保护技术服务中心,甘肃敦煌736200 [5]西北师范大学化学化工学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《石窟与土遗址保护研究》2022年第3期66-78,共13页Research On The Conservation Of Cave Temples And Earthen Sites

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1520700);甘肃省文物局文物保护科学和技术研究课题(GWJ202012);敦煌研究院课题(GDW2021YB04)

摘　　要：寻找理想的胶凝材料是加固起甲、酥碱壁画的关键.纯丙烯酸乳液是一种常用的壁画保护材料,文中用激光粒径仪、热重-差热(TG/DTG)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对乳液的颗粒尺寸、热稳定性、组成和形貌进行了分析表征.考查了乳液浓度与表面张力、相对粘度、pH、电导率之间的关系规律;通过冻融循环、离心分离、室温—高温循环分析了乳液的稳定性;同时将稀释后的纯丙烯酸乳液用于模拟起甲、疱疹壁画的加固中.结果表明,纯丙烯酸乳液热稳定性和成膜性良好,在溶液中形成分布均匀的粒径为150 nm的胶束;随着纯丙烯酸乳液浓度的增大,表面张力下降,相对粘度升高;纯丙烯酸乳液的机械稳定性、冻融稳定性、耐盐性较好.用2.5%的纯丙烯酸乳液修复起甲、疱疹壁画后,分别循环20次和12次老化,颜料层未发生显著差异,说明纯丙烯酸乳液可以作为一种胶凝材料用于起甲、酥碱、疱疹壁画的修复中.Determining the ideal cementing material is the key to repairing the flaking and deterioration of murals.Pure acrylic emulsion is a commonly used material for mural conservation.This study conducted an array of tests in order to analyze thethermal stability,structure,morphology and particle size of pure acrylic emulsion by usinglaser particle size analysis,thermogravimetric analysis(TG),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier Transform infrared spectrum(FTIR),transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The relationship between the concentration of pure acrylic emulsion and its relative viscosity,surface tension,pH and conductivity were investigated by viscometer,surface tensiontesting,pH meter and electrical conductivity,respectively.The stability of pure acrylic emulsion was analyzed by freezing and thawing tests,by being placed in room temperatureand heated environments,and centrifugation.In addition,diluted pure acrylic emulsion was applied to flaking and blistering on a simulated mural surface.The results show that pure acrylic emulsion has good thermal stability and film-forming properties that can form evenly distributed particles 150 nm in size.As the concentration of the material is increased,surface tension decreases and relative viscosity increases.Pure acrylic emulsion has good mechanical stability,freeze-thaw stability and salt tolerance.When flaking and blistered samples of simulated mural surfaceswere repaired with 2.5%pure acrylic emulsionand then passed through a total of 32 aging cycles,no significant difference was found in the repaired layer of paint following the weathering tests.This analysis indicates that pure acrylic emulsion is an excellent cementing materialfor the conservation of flaking,deteriorating or blistered murals.

关 键 词：壁画 文物保护 胶凝材料 丙烯酸乳液 

分 类 号：K872[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K878.6[历史地理—历史学] K879.2