雷电义拟声词流变考察——兼论拟声词在汉语史上的价值  

A Study on the Evolution of Onomatopoeic Words for Thunder and Lightning:On the Value of Onomatopoeic Words in the History of Chinese

作　　者：梁慧婧 Liang Huijing

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学北京文献语言与文化传承研究基地,100083

出　　处：《汉语史学报》2022年第2期179-187,共9页Journal of Chinese Language History

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“古汉语联绵词形音义综合研究(17BYY022)的阶段性成果;北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目“文献语言学学科建设与发展的创新平台(中央高校科研业务费专项资金)”的成果之一

摘　　要：文章以雷电义拟声词为例,由个案研究探讨拟声词的历史演变规律,从而彰显它在汉语史上的价值.先秦雷电义拟声词有单音和叠音的形式,均为乙类舌音韵尾,可分为殷类和填类.前者声母为牙喉音,韵部为文(微物)部,后者声母为舌音,韵部为真部,分别摹拟闷雷声与疾雷声.两类形成了两个词族:前者多有翻滚缭转义,后者多有拖曳伸展义.汉代描绘雷声,增加了二音、四音联绵形式.声母以牙喉音为主,增加了D韵尾.魏晋至隋唐时期,拟声词能产性降低,多沿用前代."砰""訇(轰)"等前代描绘大声的词,经过词义泛化及并列复合,皆可拟雷声.宋元明清时期,新产生的拟雷声词,多为入声.元代出现的"括辣辣"这样口语化程度强的ABB式拟声词是重要的创新.经过对雷电义拟声词的历时描写与分析,我们认为拟声词历时演变的研究对于汉语历史构词学、汉语语音史、汉语语源学、汉语词汇史等有重要的价值.This paper takes onomatopoeic word for thunder and lightning as an example to probe into the evolutionary laws of onomatopoeic word and reveals its value in the histo-ry of Chinese.In Pre-Qin Chinese,the onomatopoeic words for thunder and lightning are all in the dental code,Which could be divided into two categories,namely Category“Yin(殷)”and Category“Tian(填)”。They imitated the sound of muffled thunder and sudden peal of thunder respectively,forming two word families.In Han Dynasty,dsyllabic and tetrasyllabic Lianmian(联绵)words were added in the description of the sound of thunder.The initials were mainly velar and glottal sounds.Code“-n”appeared.From the Wei and Jin to the Sui and Tang Dynasties,the productivity of onomatopoeic words decreased,most of which were inherited from previous times.The words describing huge sound in previous times,through the generalization of word meaning,were used in the form of compounds.From Song Dynasty to Qing Dynasty,the newly-born onomatopoeic words for thunder and lightning were mostly entering tone.It was a great innovation in Y uan Dynasty that highly colloquial onomatopoeic words in“ABB”form was in use.The study of the diachronic evo-lution of onomatopoeic words is of significant value for subjects including Chinese Histori-cal Morphology,Chinese Phonology,Chinese Etymology,and Chinese Lexical History.

关 键 词：雷电义 拟声词 流变 汉语史 

分 类 号：H139[语言文字—汉语]