论清教思想和英国理性主义对美国早期人权政策的影响  

The Influence of Puritanism and British Rationalism upon American Human Rights Policy during the Early Period of the United States

作　　者：李世安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学

出　　处：《世界历史》2000年第1期27-34,127,共9页World History

摘　　要：The ideas of natural state,social contract and natural rights were put forward earlier than that of the French Enlightenment did,which gave strong impulse to the development of American society.Moreover,the human rights practice in the American colony by the puritan at that time provided a basis for the formation of American human rights policy.\;The British rationalism,on the other hand,also provided a theoretical basis for American human rights policy,which included the whiggish tradition and Scottish Enlightenment.\;The whigs emphasized the criticism of divine rights of monarchy,the opposition of autocracy,the advocate of individual freedom,the equality before law,and the establishment of a democratic government separating powers into three parts.\;The Scottish Enlightenment,from David Hume to the writers of the “Common Sense”,beginning with criticism of empiricism,criticized the old tradition,extrolled rationalism and human nature,and demanded freedom and equality.Significantly,moreover,the Scottish Enlightenment writers expounded the reasonable of the enjoyment of human rights by the people,which evoked strong reprecussions in America.The ideas of natural state,social contract and natural rights were put forward earlier than that of the French Enlightenment did,which gave strong impulse to the development of American society.Moreover,the human rights practice in the American colony by the puritan at that time provided a basis for the formation of American human rights policy.\;The British rationalism,on the other hand,also provided a theoretical basis for American human rights policy,which included the whiggish tradition and Scottish Enl...

关 键 词：清教思想 人权理论 私有财产 苏格兰 美国 美利坚合众国 北美洲 英国 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 殖民地 华盛顿 《独立宣言》 理性主义 天赋人权 人权政策 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]