华西雨屏区5种坡地利用方式产流产沙与养分流失特征  

Properties of Runoff and Sediment and Nutrient Loss on Five Types of Utilization Patterns of Slope Land in High Precipitation Area of Western China

作　　者：武卫国[1] 胡庭兴[1] 唐天云[1] 宋学贵[1] 周朝彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学四川省林业生态工程省级重点实验室,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2007年第4期38-42,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技部"十五"重点攻关项目"四川盆地低山丘陵区水土流失综合治理试验与示范"(2004BA606A-06);四川省教育厅应用基础项目(2005A011)资助

摘　　要：选择5种坡地利用方式,分别是裸地、农耕地(玉米)、荒草地、巨桉林地Ⅰ与巨桉林地Ⅱ,建立人工径流小区,对2006年6～11月各小区产流产沙及养分流失进行对比研究.结果表明:(1)5种坡地利用方式产流产沙差异显著(P＜0.05),径流深依次是裸地(250.9 mm)＞农耕地(232.9 mm)＞荒草地(175.4 mm)＞巨桉林地Ⅰ(170.5 mm)＞巨桉林地Ⅱ(141.3 mm);产沙量大小依次为:农耕地(313.63 t/km2)＞裸地(176.80 t/km2)＞荒草地(94.45 t/km2)＞巨桉林地Ⅰ(90.58 t/km2)＞巨桉林地Ⅱ(36.37 t/km2).(2)5种坡地利用方式养分流失差异显著(P＜0.05),其流失量大小顺序均为钾素＞磷素＞氮素.其中,氮素与磷素流失以水溶态为主,平均为96.16%与69.45%;钾素以颗粒态(与泥沙结合态)为主,平均为74.93%.(3)不同坡地产流产沙主要影响因素不同,裸地与农耕地受降雨影响较大,而荒草地与巨桉林地受人为干扰因素较大.(4)调整农事活动、改善经营措施与减少人为干扰对防止坡地产流产沙以及养分流失具有重要作用.Based on the observation on runoff plots,the properties of runoff and sediment and nutrient loss on the different plots(bare land,farmland,wide grassland,Eucalyptus grandis forestland Ⅰ(with disturbs) and Eucalyptus grandis forestland Ⅱ(without disturbs) were observed from June to November in 2006.The results are listed as follows:(1) The runoff depth and sediment yield had remarkable difference among the patterns(P<0.05).The order of runoff depth and sediment yield loss were bare land(250.9 mm)>farmland(232.9 mm) >wide grassland(175.4 mm) >Eucalyptus grandis forestlandⅠ(170.5 mm) >Eucalyptus grandis forestland Ⅱ(141.3 mm) and farmland(313.63 t/km2)>bare land(176.80 t/km2) >wide grassland(94.45 t/km2)>forestland Ⅰ(90.58 t/km2)>Eucalyptus grandis forestland Ⅱ(36.37 t/km2) respectively.(2)The nutrient loss yields had remarkable difference among the patterns(P<0.05).The order of nutrient loss was K>P>N.96.16 % of total phosphorus(P) and 69.45 % total nitrogen(N) were dissolved in runoff,while 74.93 % potassium(K) was transported as particulate form by runoff.(3) Different slops were affected by every factor in different degree.Bare land and farmland were affected more by rainfall,while wide grassland and Eucalyptus grandis forestland were affected more by human activities.(4) It was significant to soil and water conservation of slope land through adjusting farming and improving management and reducing disturbs of human.

关 键 词：坡地利用 径流泥沙 养分流失 推移质 华西雨屏区 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]