拉美左派崛起与左派政府的变革  

Rise of the Left in Latin America and Reforms of the Left-wing Governments

作　　者：苏振兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所

出　　处：《拉丁美洲研究》2007年第6期3-8,79,共6页Journal of Latin American Studies

摘　　要：进入21世纪以来的短短几年间,一批"左派政府"的崛起导致了拉美政治版图的大改组,并标志着一股新的变革潮流的出现。当前被国际舆论公认为左派当政的拉美国家有委内瑞拉、智利、巴西、阿根廷、乌拉圭、玻利维亚、厄瓜多尔和尼加拉瓜等8国。拉美国家的左派政府都是通过选举取得执政地位的,即所谓"体制内的崛起"。迄今为止,这些政府所实行的变革也都没有超出"体制内变革"的范畴。本世纪初期这种左派政府在拉美"集体亮相"的局面,的确有给人耳目一新之感。这种新局面的出现与最近30年来拉美地区"政治民主化"变革、新自由主义经济改革等引起的深刻社会变动是分不开的。广大民众反对新自由主义、要求改变现状的呼声高涨和社会运动的广泛兴起,是左派政府崛起最基本的政治与社会基础。What many people call the left in Latin America today is just one of the two political forces in the region's capitalist camps, namely, the left-wing and the right wing. Moreover, the label of the so-called left-wing government is designated simply in contrast with those that have actively implemented neoliberal policies since the 1990s.The major causes behind the rise of the Latin American left can be summarized as the following: 1) neoliberal reforms since the 1990s were not successful; 2) the traditional parties in the region fell into disarray; and 3) the democratic institutions have resurged across the region in recent years.The left-wing governments in Latin America can be categorized into two types. The moderate ones, like those in Argentina, Chile, Brazil and Uruguay, prefer to proceed with the existing goals in the current political framework and economic institutions. Their main efforts are to properly deal with the relationship between economic growth and social development. However, it is still too early to say that they have the determination to abandon the neoliberal policies totally so as to find an alternative path of development. The radical left-wing governments, as are frequently dubbed by many observers, in Venezuela and Bolivia, have acquired the following characteristics: 1) Politically, they have put forward the notion of participatory democracy; 2) economically, they have been trying to do away with neoliberalism; 3) both have declared that they will pursue 'socialism'; and 4) they maintain good relations with Cuba and adopt anti-U.S. policies by resisting FTAA.

关 键 词：拉美 左派政府 性质 崛起 变革 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系] F173[政治法律—政治学]