烃类组分在金属矿床的成矿理论和矿产勘查研究中的应用  

Application of hydrocarbons in metallogenic and mineral resource exploration research.

作　　者：徐庆鸿[1] 陈远荣[2] 贾国相[2] 李晓峰[3] 李厚民[3] 张雪亮[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083 [2]桂林矿产地质研究院,桂林541004 [3]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《岩石学报》2007年第10期2623-2638,共16页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAB01B04);广西科学基金(桂科基0575105)资助成果。

摘　　要：很多的研究证据表明烃类组分在自然界赋存空间和范围非常广泛:如地表和近地表的各类岩石和土壤,现代海底烟囱、海槽现代活动热水区和火山喷发气体,深源的基性—超基性岩和玄武岩包裹体,甚至在碳质球粒陨石中都有烃类组分的存在。因此对烃类组分的研究不应局限于石油、天然气和煤炭等能源矿床,而应该推广到各类金属矿床及其流体的研究中来。与其他气态组分如CO_2、H_2S、N_2、H_2等相比,烃类具有组分多元化和性质稳定的特点,同时烃类各组分间的相关特征和配分规律是其地质流体演化过程(氧化—还原条件、温度、压力等环境因素)中的重要参数。为直观表现烃类组分综合特征和流体混合、叠加演化过程中烃类组分细微变化,本文提出建立烃类组分标准化背景的研究思路,探索性地将具有幔源流体特征的峨眉山玄武岩作为烃类组分的标准化背景,其意义类似于选择球粒陨石作为标准化稀土元素背景的建立。通过在云南个旧和广西大厂锡多金属矿、陕西马鞍桥金矿等多个典型金属矿床上实际应用,表明该研究方法能将各类地质体烃类组分差异性和演化的规律性得到直观体现,将单纯的烃类组分宏观异常特征归纳、发展为对烃类组分的叠加改造、配分模式以及相关特征的微观规律研究,将过去烃类组分仅作为有机质参与金属成矿的表征现象,发展成为能应用于成矿物质来源、成矿流体演化及成矿作用和规律研究的工具和手段。There is plenty of evidence that hydrocarbon components are very widespread in nature. For example, they occur in various kinds of surface and near-surface rocks and soils, contemporary active hot water areas and volcanic erupted gas in contemporary submarine chimneys and sea troughs, plutonic basic-ultrabasic rocks and basalt inclusions, and even in carbonic chondrite. Therefore research on hydrocarbons should not be only confined in energy sources such as oil, gas and coals but should be extended into the research fields of various metallic deposits and their fluids. Compared with other gaseous components such as CO2, H2S, N-2 and H-2, hydrocarbons are characterized by the diversity of their components and stable properties, and meanwhile the correlation characteristics and partitioning regularity between various hydrocarbon components are important parameters in the geological evolution of the fluids (environmental factors such as oxidation-reduction conditions, temperatures and pressures). In order to show the comprehensive characteristics of hydrocarbon components and their tiny variations during fluid mixing and superimposition evolution, a research concept of establishing the standardized background for hydrocarbons is proposed in the paper in an attempt to take the Emeishan basalt with the characteristics of mantle-derived fluids as the standardized background, which is similar to choosing chondrite for establishing the normalized REE background. The actual applications in several typical metallic deposits such as the Gejiu tin polymetallic deposit in Yunnan, Dachang tin polymetallic deposit in Guangxi and Ma' anqiao gold deposit in Shanxi demonstrate that the research method can visually reflect the difference in hydrocarbons of various geological bodies and regularity of evolution and can also sum up the simple macroscopic anomaly characteristics of hydrocarbons and develop them into a method for studying the superimposition and modification, portioning model and correlation regularity of the hydrocarbo

关 键 词：地球化学探查 成矿流体 烃类组分 峨眉山玄武岩 锡多金属矿 金矿 

分 类 号：P618.44[天文地球—矿床学] P618.51[天文地球—地质学] P593