猪粪与化肥配比对基质栽培番茄生长与产量的影响  

Effect of Manure/Fertilizer Ratio on Growth and Yield of Tomato Cultivated in Greenhouse Medium

作　　者：王德建[1] 孙瑞娟[1,2] 陈国安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤》2007年第5期777-781,共5页Soils

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-N-038)资助

摘　　要：研究了猪粪与化肥N配比对苏南地区温室基质栽培番茄(辽宁英石大红)生长与产量的影响,试验设猪粪N占总N的比例为0%、30%、50%、70%、100%与无肥对照(CK)6个处理。结果表明:①与纯化肥处理比较,猪粪N显著地增加番茄的茎粗、果枝台数、座果数与茎叶生物量,茎粗与座果数分别增加16.8%~27.4%与32.1%~53.6%,但对番茄的株高、叶片数、第一果枝位高度影响较小。②猪粪处理的番茄产量显著地高于化肥处理,比化肥处理增产26.6%~45.6%,不同猪粪处理之间差异不显著。随着猪粪N增加,番茄前中期果的比例减少、病果率增加,但30%猪粪N处理的番茄不仅产量最高(69.9t/hm^2),而且前中期果实的产量与比例也最高(60.7%),是合适的有机无机N的比例。③以腐熟的猪粪与化肥作基肥为主,配合一次追施少量化肥,试验期间仅以水灌溉,能基本满足番茄107天生育期内的养分供应,获得60.7~69.9t/hm^2的番茄产量。Effects of manure/fertilizer ratio on growth and yield of tomato growing in a greenhouse were studied under greenhouse cultivation in South Jiangsu. The experiment was designed to have 5 treatments, Treatment 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with manure-N accounting for 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% of total N, respectively, in fertilization, and CK (no fertilization). Results showed application of composted pig manure significantly increased stem diameter, number of fruit branches, number of fruits, and biomass of shoots of the tomato. Stem diameter increased by 16.8% ~ 27.4% and the number of fruits by 32.1% ~ 53.6%, over those grown in Treatment 1, but the application did not have much effect on plant height, number of leaves and height of the first fruit-setting branch. Tomato yields in Treatments 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 26.6% ~ 45.6% higher over that in Treatment 1, but not much difference was found between the manure treatments. With the rise in manure percentage in N fertilization, the percentage of fruits set in the early-middle period decreased and the percentage of deformed fruits increased. However, in Treatment 2, the yield was the highest, being 69.9 t/hm2 and the percentage of fruits set in the early-middle period also the highest, which demonstrated that 30% of manure-N in N fertilization was a proper ratio for tomato growth. With basal application of composted pig manure and chemical fertilization plus sidedressing of some chemical fertilizer, some irrigation was enough to enable the greenhouse-medium to supply adequate nutrients for tomato to grow for 107 days and yield 60.7 ~ 69.9 t/hm2 of fruits.

关 键 词：基质栽培 发酵猪粪 氮肥比例 番茄产量 

分 类 号：S147[农业科学—肥料学] S606[农业科学—农业基础科学]