东海高营养层次鱼类功能群及其主要种类  

Functional groups of fish assemblages and their major species at high trophic level in the East China Sea

作　　者：张波[1] 唐启升[1] 金显仕[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2007年第6期939-949,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2006CB400600)

摘　　要：在2000年秋季和2001年春季东海120°～126.75°N、25.75°～31°E范围内的两次大面积调查基础上,以占渔获量90%的鱼类为研究对象,分析东海春、秋两季2个鱼类群落的功能群.结果表明,东海高营养层次鱼类群落包括7个功能群,即鱼食性鱼类、虾/鱼食性鱼类、虾食性鱼类、虾蟹食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、浮游动物食性鱼类和广食性鱼类.其中东海近海春季鱼类种群由浮游动物食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、鱼食性鱼类和虾食性鱼类4个功能群组成,秋季鱼类种群由虾/鱼食性鱼类、虾食性鱼类、广食性鱼类、虾蟹食性鱼类、鱼食性鱼类和浮游动物食性鱼类6个功能群组成;东海外海春季鱼类种群由鱼食性鱼类、底栖动物食性鱼类、浮游动物食性鱼类和虾食性鱼类4个功能群组成,秋季鱼类种群由浮游动物食性鱼类、虾/鱼食性鱼类、鱼食性鱼类、虾食性鱼类和底栖动物食性鱼类5个功能群组成.从生物量组成上分析,在各鱼类群落中发挥主要作用的功能群不同,春季东海鱼类群落以浮游动物食性鱼类功能群为主,而秋季以鱼食性鱼类功能群为主.其中带鱼、白姑鱼、六丝矛尾(鰕)虎鱼、多棘腔吻鳕、龙头鱼、小黄鱼、细条天竺鱼、发光鲷、鳀、花斑蛇鲻、短鳍红娘鱼、竹荚鱼、条尾绯鲤、黄鳍马面鲀、黄条(鱼师)等15种鱼为各功能群的主要种类.群落种类组成的差异,同种类体长分布的差异,以及饵料基础的时空变化是导致东海各鱼类群落功能群组成差异的主要原因.The fish samples,which accounted for 90% of total biomass,were collected during two bottom trawl surveys in the East China Sea in autumn of 2000 and spring of 2001 which covered the range of 120°-126.75°N and 25.75°-31°E.Diet trophic guild was used to analyze the functional groups of fish assemblages at high trophic levels in the East China Sea.In cluster analysis,60% of similarity level was used as criterion to divide diet trophic guild of fish assemblages.And according to majority rule,prey species of each diet trophic guild was defined as major predatory item when the mean percentage was greater than 60% of total preys,then each diet trophic guild of fish assemblages were divided into each functional group.Functional groups of two fish assemblages in spring and autumn(including inshore fish assemblages SG3 in spring and inshore fish assemblage AG3 in autumn,offshore fish assemblages SG4 in spring and AG4 in autumn) in the East China Sea were analyzed.Seven functional groups were inrestigated among fish assemblages at high trophic levels in the East China Sea,including piscivores,shrimp/fish predators,shrimp predators,shrimp/crab predators,generalist predators,benthivores and zooplanktivors.Thereinto,SG3 consisted of four functional groups:zooplanktivors,shrimp predators,benthivores and piscivores,whose dominant species were firefly-fish(Acropoma japonicum),anchovy(Engraulis japonicus),small yellow croaker(Pseudosciaena polyactis),cardinal fish(Apogonichthys lineatus) and brushtooth lizardfish(Saurida undosquamis),respectively.AG3 included zooplanktivores,shrimp/fish predators,shrimp predators,shrimp/crab predators,generalist predators and piscivores,whose dominant species were cardinal fish,largehead hailtail(Trichiurus haumela),white croaker(Argyrosomus argentatus),spearnose grenadier(Coelorhynchus multispinulosus),pinkgray goby(Chaeturichthys hexanema),bomday duck(Harpadon nehereus) and small yellow croaker,respectively.Functional groups in SG4 included zooplanktivors,shrimp predators,benthivores and pis

关 键 词：功能群 同食物资源种团 鱼类群落 东海 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学] S92.9[生物学—普通生物学]