对虾对内陆苏打型高盐碱水环境的适应性  

Adaptability of prawn to soda-type higher saline-alkali water environment in inland China

作　　者：杨富亿[1] 李秀军[1] 赵春生[1] 陈渊[1] 杨欣乔[2] 孙丽敏[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林省水产技术推广总站,吉林长春130012 [3]辽宁省营口市水产科学研究所,辽宁营口115000

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2007年第1期120-123,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十五"科学技术攻关项目专题(2001BA508B04);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20020227-2)

摘　　要：采用室内单因子急性毒性实验法,研究水环境碱度和pH对凡纳滨对虾幼虾的毒性效应,探讨对虾对内陆苏打型高盐碱水环境的适应性,为移殖驯化提供科学依据。结果表明,碱度对幼虾的24 h半数有效浓度(EC50)为2.78mmol/L,24、48及96 h半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为12.94、11.89及11.65 mmol/L,生存的安全浓度(SC)为3.10mmol/L。pH对幼虾急性毒性作用的24、48、72及96 h半数致死值(LpH50)分别为9.26-8.54、9.14-8.47、9.10-8.80及9.00-8.80,生存的安全pH(SpH)为8.42-7.85。苏打型盐碱水环境中对虾对盐度的适应能力将比海水环境有所降低。认为对虾对碱度、pH的适应性以及对天然盐碱水环境的综合适应能力都不如淡水鱼类;未经过驯化的对虾尚难以适应内陆苏打型高盐碱水环境。To understand the feasibility of transplanting prawn into soda-type saline-alkali waters of inland China,the adaptive capacity of desalinated juvenile shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,to the alkalinity,the salinity and pH of saline-alkali waters were determined at 23.7±1.3℃ by means of one-way acute toxicity test in northeast China.The results showed that the medial effect concentration(EC_(50))for 24 hours of the alkalinity on juvenile shrimp was 2.78 mmol/L,the medial lethal concentration(LC_(50))for 24,48 and 96 hours were 12.94,11.89 and 11.65 mmol/L respectively,and the safe concentration(SC)was 3.10 mmol/L.The medial lethal pH(LpH_(50))for 24,48,72 and 96 hours on juvenile shrimp were 9.26-8.54,9.14-8.47,9.10-8.80 and 9.00-8.80 respectively,and the safe pH(SpH)was 8.42-7.85.In saline-alkali water environment,the adaptive capacity of prawn to the alkalinity and pH is poorer than freshwater fishes,and the adaptability to the salinity is lower markedly than the seawater.Prawn is not tamed and can not adapt still to soda-type higher saline-alkali water environment.

关 键 词：对虾 苏打型盐碱水 适应性 

分 类 号：S955.7[农业科学—水产养殖] S156.44[农业科学—水产科学]