欧洲与东亚小麦品种遗传多样性的比较分析  

Comparison of Genetic Diversity Level between European and East-Asian Wheat Collections Using SSR Markers

作　　者：王兰芬[1] BALFOURIERF 郝晨阳[1] EXBRAYAT-VINSONF 董玉琛[1] 盖红梅[1] 张学勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物品种资源与生物技术重点实验室/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程 [2]INRA,UMR Améliorationet Santédes Plantes,234 avenuedu Brézet,63100 Clermont-Ferrand,France

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第12期2667-2678,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：中法小麦合作计划;国家重点基础研究项目(2004CB117202)

摘　　要：【目的】在分子水平上回答欧洲和东亚小麦品种的遗传关系和多样性差异;同时对Genomic-SSR(gSSR)和EST-SSR(eSSR)多态性水平进行比较分析。【方法】利用38个Genomic-SSR引物对和44对EST-SSR引物对分析371份欧洲小麦品种和363份东亚品种。【结果】共检测到865个等位变异,每个引物对的等位变异数为1～50,平均为10.42;多态性信息含量(PIC)为0～0.91,平均为0.53;欧洲和东亚品种分别检测到730、716个等位变异,特有等位变异分别为150、135,平均遗传丰富度分别为8.80和8.61,遗传多样性指数分别为0.46和0.52。欧洲和东亚小麦品种在聚类图上明显地划分为两大类群;每个国家或大区聚类结果与其地理分布基本一致,即相邻国家或地区的品种亲缘关系更近一些。近一半基因座的等位变异频率及其分布在欧洲与东亚材料间存在明显差异。通过标记/性状关联分析,在4B、5A、6A、7B染色体上发现6个影响穗粒数、千粒重、株高、抽穗期、有效分蘖等重要农艺性状的基因座,其中个别基因座优势等位变异差异可能与东亚、欧洲品种的分化密切相关。中国20世纪50～80年代育成品种在大的聚类上明显靠近欧洲材料、而远离中国50年代以前的育成品种和地方品种,这与中国的育种实际相吻合。基于Genomic-SSR和基于EST-SSR的聚类图整体趋势是一致的,但由前者估算的遗传距离远高于后者,因此,一般的SSR较功能基因SSR更易发生变异,由育种选择所引起的分化更快。【结论】在中国今后的小麦育种中,需要通过杂交、回交,对欧洲品种的一些重要基因座等位变异(基因)进行置换,方有可能实现"洋为中用"的目的。【Objective】This research work was performed to reveal the genetic relationship and diversity difference between European and East-Asian wheat cultivars, and in the meantime to compare the level of polymorphism between Genomic-SSRs and EST-SSRs. 【Method】 To analyze 371 European and 363 East-Asian wheat collections, 38 Genomic-SSRs and 44 EST-SSRs were used. 【Result】A total of 865 alleles were detected, with a range from 1 to 50 and a mean of 10.42. Polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0 to 0.91 with an average of 0.53. Genetic diversity level in East-Asia was higher than that in Europe. European and East-Asian accessions were divided into two distinct sub-groups by PCO based on 82 SSRs. The position of materials in the dendrogram was accordant with their geographical location, i.e. the accessions from near geographical location were joining into neighbors. Allele differentiation between the two continents at some loci such as Xgwm186, Xgwm257, Xgpw7433 andXgpw7443 was very significant. This may be corresponding to the natural and breeding selection, which was supported by the marker/trait association analysis results. Chinese varieties released from 1950 to 1980 were clustered into one big group with Europeans, and far away from native landraces and varieties released before 1950. This is consistent with the records of wheat breeding history of China. Diversity revealed by Genomic-SSRs was much higher than that by EST-SSRs. However, the cluster trend based on the two types of SSR was consistent. Therefore, differentiation of Genomic-SSR was much faster than functional genes SSR in breeding selection. 【Conclusion】European germplasms can be efficiently used in Chinese wheat breeding program through backcross breeding method.

关 键 词：小麦 遗传多样性 gSSR eSSR 地理分化 关联分析 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]