利用农垦58衍生系研究浙江省晚粳产量和植株形态的改良  

Study of Yield and Morphological Character Development of Late Japonica Rice in Zhejiang Province Using Derived Varieties of Nongken 58

作　　者：王丹英[1] 章秀福[1] 李华[1] 徐春梅[1] 钱前[1] 廖西元[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所,杭州310006

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2007年第12期2903-2909,共7页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程(2004BA520A12-C5)

摘　　要：【目的】阐明晚粳稻产量与植株形态的关系。【方法】以农垦58及其衍生系为材料,通过在同一生态条件下的种植试验,比较不同时期水稻品种的产量、叶部、茎部和穗部性状,分析近几十年浙江省晚粳品种改良过程中产量及植株形态的演变,并进行产量和植株性状的相关分析。【结果】浙江省晚粳产量增加最快的阶段是60年代,此阶段的水稻品种类型可分为穗粒兼顾型和穗数型;70年代后产量增幅较慢,品种多为穗粒兼顾型。在植株形态中,近代品种(育成年份1985～1995年)的剑叶长度、上3叶的叶基角小于早代品种(1985年以前育成),倒3叶长度、剑叶和倒3叶的宽度大于早代品种;近代品种较矮,各节间长度均小于早代品种,但茎秆密度和单位叶鞘重于早代品种,而着粒密度高于早代品种。植株性状和产量的相关分析表明,剑叶和倒2叶的长度、上3叶的叶基角和叶片曲率、倒1和倒2节节间长度与产量存在显著负相关,结实率与产量显著正相关。【结论】水稻产量的提高和植株形态的改良有很大的关系,提高浙江省晚粳单产的可行途径是在保持高结实率的前提下适当增加每穗粒数。【Objective】This study was designed to elucidate the relationship between grain yield and morphological characters of late japonica rice.【Method】The variety Nongken 58 and its 18 derived varieties were grown at China National Rice Research Institute Farm in Zhejiang province in 2003 and 2004. Yield and plant morphological characters of varieties at different period were compared. The correlations among yield and morphological characters were analyzed. 【Result】 The results showed that the yield of late japonica rice in Zhejiang province increased greatly in 1960s. The varieties released at this stage could be divided as compatible panicle-kernel type and multi-panicle type. The yield of late japonica rice after 1970s increased slowly, most of the varieties released at this stage were compatible panicle-kernel type. In plant morphological characters, compared to the former varieties (released before 1985), the latter varieties (released in 1985-1995) had short flag leaf length, small leaf original angle, longer third leaf length and wider flag and third leaf width; the plant height, internode length of the latter varieties were shorter than that of the former varieties, but in terms of stem density, sheath weight and grain density per panicle, the latter varieties were larger than the former varieties. Correlation analysis showed that there were significant negative correlations between length of the upper two leaves, original angle, leaf curvature, length of the upper two internodes and grain yield, positive correlations exist between 3rd leaf length, leaves width, biomass yield, seed setting rate and yield. 【Conclusion】The results suggest that there is a close relationship between rice grain yield and plant type. It is possible to increase the yield of late japonica rice in Zhejiang province by increasing grains per panicle.

关 键 词：晚粳 衍生系 产量 植株形态 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]