DNA分子标记技术在环境污染物检测中的应用  

Applications of molecular marker techniques in monitoring environmental pollutants

作　　者：解莉婧[1] 刘宛[2] 李淑芹[1] 李培军[2] 陈静 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [3]东北大学理学院,沈阳110016

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2007年第6期842-846,共5页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(20377043;20337010);"973"项目(2004CB418506)

摘　　要：DNA分子标记是DNA分子碱基序列变异的直接反映,利用分子标记物对污染物造成的生物体DNA损伤的检测和定量分析研究是可行的方法。文章主要综述了DNA加合物技术、随机扩增DNA多态性技术(RAPD)、扩增片段长度多态性技术(AFLP)、单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)及反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)的原理及其在环境污染物检测中的应用。该方法具有快速、简便、特异性强的特点,在环境污染物早期诊断和评价方面具有重要意义,已广泛应用于遗传毒理学研究。Molecular marker is a kind of technique for showing basal mutation in DNA directly,the molecu-lar markers are the most effective methods for monitoring and analyzing these damaged DNA induced by pollu-tants quantitatively.In this review,the measuring methods and applications of five typical molecular marker tech-niques in monitoring environmental pollutants were discussed emphatically,including DNA adducts,Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA(RAPD),Amplication Fragment Length Polymorphism(AFLP),Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay(SCGE) and Reverse Transcriptase PCR(RT-PCR).Molecular marker technique has the characters of rapid,simple and a strong peculiarity and also has a further meaning for the early diagnosis and assessment of environmental pollutants,so it has been widely used in the genotoxicity study.

关 键 词：分子标记物 DNA加合物 RAPD技术 AFLP技术 单细胞凝胶电泳 RT-PCR 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学] X502[环境科学与工程—环境工程]