上海吴淞地区气溶胶粒径分布和元素浓度研究  

Study on Aerosol Size Distribution and Elemental Concentration in Wusong District of Shanghai

作　　者：张元勋[1] 李德禄[1] 陆文忠[1] 王荫淞[1] 李燕[1] 张桂林[1] 韩婷[2] 徐明高[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800 [2]上海市宝山区环境监测站,上海200940

出　　处：《过程工程学报》2006年第z2期95-99,共5页The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金资助项目(编号:05ZR14143);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目资助项目(编号:KJCX2-SW-No1)

摘　　要：为了有效降低颗粒物浓度和提高吴淞工业区大气环境质量,重要的任务是测定大气颗粒物的粒径分布和化学组分.本研究使用DYLEC-120型冲击式9级采样仪,选择该地区有代表性的4个采样点,在冬季(2004年1月)采集不同粒径大气颗粒物(分别为>11,11～7,7～4.7,4.7～3.3,3.3～2.1,2.1～1.1,1.1～0.65,0.65～0.43,<0.43μm).使用质子激发X荧光发射技术测定不同粒径颗粒物中S,K,Ca,Ti,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Br和Pb12种无机元素浓度.结果发现,吴淞工业区气溶胶质量浓度呈现双峰分布,峰值分别位于1.1～2.1和4.7～7.0μm两个粒径范围.富集因子分析结果表明,4个监测点无机元素浓度和污染状况与监测点所在地及周边工矿企业排放紧密相关.应当引起重视的是S,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Br和Pb等元素已严重地受到人为污染源的影响,而且这些元素更趋于富集在直径小于2.1μm的细颗粒物中,呈现粒径变小而污染加剧的特征.In order to reduce the density of particulate matter and improve air quality in Wusong industrial district effectively,the important task is to measure both the size distribution and chemical composition of ambient particles.Particulate matters on size distribution of atmospheric aerosol were collected at 4 representative sampling sites in January,2004.A nine-stage cascade particle sampler(DYLEC-120) which fractionates particles in the sizes ranging between >11,11～7,7～4.7,4.7～3.3,3.3～2.1,2.1～1.1,1.1～0.65,0.65～0.43 and <0.43 μm was used.The particulate matters were analyzed for the 12 major inorganic elements by means of proton induced X-ray fluorescence emission(PIXE) technique.It was found that the aerosol mass concentration of Wusong industrial area was bimodal distribution.Peak values appeared in the size ranges of 1.1～2.1 and 4.7～7.0 μm,respectively.The results indicated that the size variation of elemental concentration was closely related to the residential density,the vehicle traffic,the exhausts of refineries,chemical plants and steel works around the sampling sites.High enrichment factor(EF) values were calculated for S,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Br and Pb,reflecting the influence of anthropogenic origin.Furthermore,these toxic or harmful elements were mainly enriched in the fine particles with diameters less than 2.1 μm and had greater danger to the health.

关 键 词：大气颗粒物 粒径 无机元素 质子激发X荧光分析 富集因子 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]