大同盆地金沙滩盐碱地综合治理技术开发研究  

Combined methods for comprehensive improvement of saline-alkali soil in Datong Basin

作　　者：张克强 白成云 马宏斌 张敬忠 牛斌 姜森林[2] 聂督[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农科院开发办,太原030006 [2]山西省农科院土壤肥料研究所,太原030031

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2005年第z1期136-141,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：山西省科技厅资助项目(983188)

摘　　要：大同盆地苏打型盐碱地,治理难度较大,通过4年来的综合治理试验研究表明:水利措施采用井灌井排、井渠结合,明沟、暗沟、深沟、浅沟密集相结合,地下水位可由改良前的1.63m下降到2.05m;化学改良剂(SN—01)连续施用3年后耕作层土壤pH由原来的9.76下降到8.16,EC值由原来的0.54下降到0.22ms/cm,CO32-消失,HCO3-下降89.7%,Na+下降76.4%。国产材料石膏、风化煤、黑矾、糠醛渣施用后表层土pH、碱化度都有明显的下降趋势;农业措施采取平整土地,耕作层脱盐率可达55%,深翻后耕作层土壤密度降低11.6%~13.7%;孔隙度提高12.2%~13.7%。增施有机肥后耕作层土壤碱化度可下降69.7%~76%;合理的耕作技术和耕作管理方法具有保墒、抑盐、躲盐的作用,为作物生长创造了良好的环境条件。The research conducted for four years demonstrated that only the combination of several methods was able to improve saline-alkali soil. Hydrotechnics (e.g. well water for irrigation, combined utilization of well and drainage canal, open drainage together with underdrainage) lowered the ground water level from 2.05 m to (1.45) m. Employing chemical amendment (SN-01) for three years neutralized pH value from 8.43 to 10.2 in the tillage layer of soil. Also chemical amendment diminished salt content, expressed as electrical conductivity (EC). As a result, CO^(2-)_3 was disappeared; HCO^-_3 and Na^+ contents in the soil were only 89.7% and 85.9% of original contents, respectively. Other amendments, such as sulfur-free gypsum, lignite, compost of furfural etc., had effective functions on saline-alkali soil. Salt content decreased 40% by means of suitable agricultural ways. Soil bulk density diminished and porosity increased. Organic fertilizer enhanced 21.8% organic matter. Total N was (1.5) times higher than that before its application. Suitable agricultural techniques and management played significant roles in keeping soil moisture, diminishing and avoiding salt damage to plants.

关 键 词：盐碱地综合治理 改良剂 碱化度 脱盐率 

分 类 号：S156.4+4[农业科学—土壤学]