不同施肥水平对日光温室番茄生长发育的影响  

Effects of fertilization levels on the growth and development of tomato in solar greenhouse

作　　者：张国红[1] 袁丽萍[1] 郭英华[1] 朱鑫[1] 张振贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100094

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2005年第z2期151-154,共4页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金重点项目资助(项目编号:60110026051001);国家科技攻关项目资助(2004BA521B01)

摘　　要：根据目前设施蔬菜生产中的施肥状况设计了不施肥(CK)、只施有机肥(SOF)、理论施肥(TF)、习惯施肥(CF)和超量施肥(OF)5个施肥水平,研究不同施肥水平对日光温室番茄生长发育的影响,结果表明:随着施肥水平的提高,番茄的株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶面积都逐渐增加;但对番茄比叶面积、叶面积比、平均节间距和单果重却没有明显的影响。番茄第一花序花数和生物学产量依次为不施肥<只施有机肥<理论施肥<经验施肥<超量施肥,其中理论施肥和超量施肥的经济系数较高。随着施肥量的增加,番茄果实中抗坏血酸、有机酸、游离氨基酸、硝酸盐含量增加,可溶性糖含量减小,糖酸比降低,果实的风味变差。目前温室生产中大量施用氮肥可以暂时提高番茄产量,但有悖于设施蔬菜土壤可持续利用。The experiment was carried out to study the effects of fertilization levels [no fertilization(CK),sole(organic) fertilization(SOF),theoretical fertilization(TF),conventional fertilization(CF),and overabundance(fertilization)(OF)] on the growth and development of tomatoes and the results were as follows: the plant height,stem diameter,leaf number and leaf area of the tomato increased with the increase of fertilization levels.The different fertilization levels have no effect on SLA,LAR,ADAN and single fruit weight.High fertilization level causes the obvious decrease of LNFI,and it also causes the increase of FNFI,fruit and biologic yield.Yield taxis is CK<SOF<TF<CF<OF,but economic coefficient of TF and OF is larger.With the increase of fertilization level,the contents of vitamin C,organic acid,free amino acid,NO_3-N in the tomato were raised,the content of soluble sugar and the ratio of soluble sugar in the tomato decrease and the quality and flavor of the tomato become bad.Although high N level in greenhouse plantation causes the high yield of tomatoes temporarily,it violates the principle of sustainable production and high quality of fruit in greenhouse.

关 键 词：施肥水平 日光温室 番茄 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S625.5+4[农业科学—园艺学]