科尔沁退化草地改良的工程措施及效果  

Engineering measures and their effects on melioration of degraded grasslands in Horqin region

作　　者：刘方明[1,2] 孟凡祥[1,2] 梁文举[1] 姜勇[1] 闻大中[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《辽宁工程技术大学学报（自然科学版）》2005年第z2期257-259,共3页Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science)

基　　金：国家"十五"重点科技攻关项目(FS2001-01)国家荒漠化监测中心资助项目

摘　　要：针对草地退化的实际问题,以科尔沁乌兰敖都退化草地为例,采用围栏封育、深翻松土、补播豆科牧草等工程措施对该退化草地进行工程改良,并评价改良措施对土壤性质及草地植被生物多样性的影响。重度退化草地土壤有机碳和全氮含量较低且随土层深度增加而明显降低,土壤pH增高,10～30cm土层深度可溶性盐积累；与重度草地相比,退化改良3年草地土壤有机碳和全氮含量显著提高(P＜0.01),土壤pH降低,其中10～30cm深度土层的差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05)；10～30cm深度电导率呈现出降低的趋势。经过改良,可以缓解土壤盐碱化,提高土壤肥力及物种多样性,达到提高草地质量、改善生态环境的效果。Based on the Wulanaodu degraded grasslands in Horqin region,the engineering measures including grassland enclosure,deep soil ploughing,and sowing leguminous grass were taken to meliorate the degraded grasslands.The effects of these measures on soil chemical properties and biodiversity in the grassland were assessed.In the heavily degraded grassland,soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents were lower and decreased significantly with soil depths,soil alkalinity increased and soluble salt concentrated at the depth of 10～30 cm.Compared with the heavily degraded grasslands,soil organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the meliorated grassland increased significantly(P＜0.01),soil pH decreased at the depth of 10～30cm(P＜0.05), and soil electrical conductivity decreased at the depth of 10～30 cm.It is concluded that the engineering measures taken on the degraded grassland could decrease soil alkalization and salinization,improve soil fertility and biodiversity,and have significant effects on improving grassland quality and ecological environment.

关 键 词：科尔沁 退化草地 改良措施 土壤性质 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S156.5[农业科学—土壤学]