广东省坡地持续利用中的土壤侵蚀问题  

Soil Erosion in Sustainable Utilization of Slope Land in Guangdong Province

作　　者：卓慕宁[1] 李定强[1] 吴志峰[1] 刘平[1] 邓南荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室,广州510650

出　　处：《资源科学》2004年第z1期125-131,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：国家科技部地方重大项目(编号:G2000-D065);广东省科技攻关项目(编号:2002C32202)。

摘　　要：坡地是广东省重要的土地资源,也是水土流失的策源地。研究坡地的土壤侵蚀问题,对于坡地的可持续利用具有重要的意义。该文根据广东省坡地利用中的土壤侵蚀问题,结合多年来在典型水土流失区的调查研究成果,系统地论述了广东省坡地利用及其土壤侵蚀的现状,以及土壤侵蚀所导致的坡地退化,分析了影响坡地土壤侵蚀的主要因子,并提出了坡地土壤侵蚀的防治措施。广东省现有坡地侵蚀面积约1 14×104km2,占水土流失总面积的79 74%。侵蚀强度以中、轻度为主,强度侵蚀仅占27 70%,年平均土壤侵蚀量8540 67×104t,年土壤侵蚀模数7215 68t (hm2·年)～7335 56t (hm2·年),年侵蚀深度5 4mm～5 6mm。严重的水土流失造成坡地土壤退化,主要表现在耕层变薄、土壤贫瘠化、沙质化、干旱和植被退化等,其结果严重制约了坡地的可持续利用。影响坡地侵蚀的主要因素是降雨、厚层风化壳、坡度和人类不合理的利用,其中人为因素是主要原因。对坡地侵蚀的防治,应从植被恢复、植被工程措施、水土保持耕作法和小流域综合治理等方面入手,并与脱贫治富相结合。Slope land is both the main erosion source of soil and water loss and the important land resource in Guangdong province. The study on the soil erosion of the slope land is very significant to the sustainable utilization of the slope land. According to the soil erosion of the sustainable utilization of the slope land and the investigation on the typical region of soil and water loss in Guangdong, the present situation of the utilized slope land and its soil erosion are systematically expounded, and the slope land degradation due to the soil erosion is discussed. The influenced factors of the soil erosion on the slope land are analyzed, and some countermeasures of controlling the soil erosion of slope land are put forward in this paper. The soil erosion area of the slope land in Guangdong is 1.14×10~4km^2, accounting for 79.74% of the total erosion area. The intensity of erosion is light and medium. The soil erosion yield is 8 540.67×10~4 t/a, the modulus is from (7 215.68) to 7 335.56t/(hm^2·a) and the depth is from 5.4mm/a to 5.6mm/a. As a result of the serious soil erosion, the slope land degradation such as shallow soil layer, deterioration of soil properties and vegetation degradation appear in the place, the sustainable utilization of the slope land will be restricted seriously. The main causes of the slope land degradation include rainfall, thick weathering crust, slope and human active factors and among them the best important one is human activity factor. In order to solve the problems in soil erosion of the slope land, the attention should be paid to some ways such as vegetation restoration, vegetation project measures, and soil and water conservation farm and watershed comprehensive controls in the slope.

关 键 词：广东省 坡地 持续利用 土壤侵蚀 坡地退化 防治措施 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]