三峡库区等高植物篱之成本效益分析  

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Contour Hedgerow in The Three Gorges Region

作　　者：邓智伟[1] 伍世良[1] 

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学地理与资源管理学系

出　　处：《资源科学》2004年第z1期132-136,共5页Resources Science

基　　金：香港特区政府研究基金局资助项目(编号:4217 02H)。

摘　　要：早在1990年代初,湖北省秭归县政府和技术人员已着手研究如何在坡耕地上使用等高植物篱以解决水土流失的问题。可惜的是过去大部分的研究多集中分析其水保表现,对于它的经济持续性和可行性则较少讨论。研究对等高植物篱进行成本效益分析,以了解其经济表现。结果指出,在每年10%折现率和15年投资年期的假设下,坡度25°的山耕地若没有任何水土保持设施,净现值为-0 2266元 m2,反映如果任由水土流失的问题持续下去而不加以治理,会造成严重的经济损失。可是,单靠植物篱而没有其它农业投入的辅助,并未能有效提高土地的生产力,其经济表现甚至比没有任何水土保持设施为差。植物篱结合使用化肥能带来最高的净现值,达1 8708元 m2。植物篱结合使用有机肥的效果亦佳,净现值为1 793元 m2。然而,若将植物篱与化肥、有机肥、覆盖物等合并使用,虽然能提高水保效能,但由于成本高昂,经济表现并不理想。这些分析结果对三峡库区实践农业可持续发展有莫大的启示和意义。Contour hedgerow was introduced to Zigui County as a means of soil conservation in the early 1990s. Previous attention had been mainly focused on its performance in checking the loss of sediment and nutrients. However its economic sustainability and feasibility were often overlooked. In order to understand the economic performance of contour hedgerow, a cost-benefit analysis was undertaken. Assuming an investment period of 15 years with an annual discount rate of 10%, the net present value (NPV) of a 25° slope cultivated land was -0.226 6 RMB yuan/m^2, indicating that soil erosion can bring severe economic loss if the problem is not properly addressed. Nevertheless, contour hedgerow was still not enough to generate positive net present value unless other inputs such as inorganic fertilizers and/or organic manure were added, indicating that contour hedgerow alone economically is not a viable option for soil conservation. The combination of contour hedgerow and inorganic fertilizers was found to produce the highest net present value (1.870 8 RMB yuan/m^2). The combination of contour hedgerow and organic manure also performed well as it produced a net present value of 1.793 RMB yuan/m^2. On the other hand, the combination of contour hedgerow, inorganic fertilizers, organic manure and mulching, which was considered as the most environmental friendly practice, failed to maximize the net present value due to exceedingly high investment and operating costs. It is believed that these findings can provide a reference for the sustainable development in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.

关 键 词：等高植物篱 成本效益分析 经济持续性 水土保持 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]