中国地面气温年际和年代际变化及其与北冰洋涛动指数的关系  

Surface Air Temperature in China and Its Relation to Arctic Oscillation Index

作　　者：王晓娟[1] 方之芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局成都高原气象研究所 [2]成都信息工程学院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《高原气象》2004年第z1期80-88,共9页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40105006);四川省科技攻关项目(02GS023-016)共同资助

摘　　要：利用中国气象局气候中心数据库1958—1994年中国160个测站的月平均温度资料, 分析了中国37年气温的年际和年代际变化及其与北冰洋涛动指数的关系。结果表明: (1)1958—1994 年以来,东北地区全年、秋季和冬季温度上升都很明显, 其中冬季最明显; 新疆冬季温度升高也很明显; 华南夏季温度明显升高。(2)通过对各区温度的年代际变化检验可知, 东北全年、秋季和冬季 1983 年以后温度有非常显著的升高; 新疆冬季1976年以后温度也有显著升高; 华南夏季 1976 年以后温度有明显升高。(3)从全国来看, 北方各区气候变暖要比南方显著一些, 特别是冬季。(4)北冰洋涛动与我国东北温度有十分密切的联系, 当AO指数偏小时, 冬季冰岛附近海平面气压偏低, 西伯利亚高压范围缩小,东亚冬季风比较弱, 我国东北冬半年的温度出现明显上升。Using the monthly surface mean temperature data at 160 station in 1958_1994, China Meteorological Administration, the interannual and interdecadly changes of air temperature in China in 37 years and its relation to Arctic Ocean oscillation index were analyzed. The obtained results are as follows: 1 since 1958_1994 years, the whole year, autumn and winter temperature in Northeast China obviously rises up, and for winter, the most obvious, the winter temperature in Xinjiang obviously rises up too, the summer temperature in South China obviously rises up. 2 Through the interdecadly change test of temperature in various regions, it is found that the temperature obviously rises up in the whole year, autumn and winter after 1983, and temperature in winter of Xinjiang after 1976, increases too, the temperature in summer of South China after 1976 obviously rise up. (3) on view of the whole nation, climatic warming in the north region of China is more significant than one in the south region of China, specially for winter. (4) There is close relation between Arctic Ocean oscillation(AO) and temperature of Northeast China. When AO index is low, sea level pressure near Icelan in winter is low, region of Siberian high reduce, the winter monsoon in East Asian comparatively weaken, the temperature of Northeast China in winter half year seem to obviously rise up.

关 键 词：年际和年代际变化 北冰洋涛动指数 我国各区的地面气温 气候变暖 东亚冬季风 

分 类 号：P423[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]