A型肉毒毒素抑制大鼠变应性鼻炎鼻溢及VIP在鼻腔粘膜的免疫表达  

Inhibition of rhinorrhea with botulinum toxin type A and the expression of VIP on nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis rat

作　　者：文卫东[1] 侯一平[1] 袁芳[1] 王荫椿[2] 宋焱峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州医学院人体解剖学教研室,甘肃兰州730030 [2]兰州生物制品研究所,甘肃兰州730046

出　　处：《第四军医大学学报》2003年第19期1769-1773,共5页Journal of the Fourth Military Medical University

摘　　要：目的 :确定A型肉毒毒素 (BTX A)对大鼠变应性鼻炎鼻溢是否具有治疗的作用 ,以及毒素使用前后血管活性肠肽 (VIP)免疫表达和组织学改变 .方法 :卵清蛋白 (Ovalbu min)致敏Wistar大鼠制作变应性鼻炎 (allergicrhinitis,AR)动物模型 ,16只大鼠随机分为 3组 ,即对照组 (n =6 ) ;致敏组 (n=10 ) ;致敏后A型肉毒毒素 (BTX A)用药组 (n =5 ) .观察给予BTX A前后大鼠鼻部症状和体征的变化 .采用组织学和免疫组织化学方法观察鼻腔粘膜形态学改变以及对VIP物质表达的影响 .结果 :①致敏组动物鼻分泌量明显增多 .组织学结果显示 :致敏组鼻腔粘膜水肿、腺体增生、嗜酸性粒细胞增多 .免疫组织化学结果显示 :致敏组腺体周围VIP纤维密集 ,呈束状 .②致敏后BTX A用药组 ,鼻分泌量明显减少 ,致敏后BTX A用药组与致敏组相比鼻分泌量差异有显著性(P 0 .0 5 ) ,但鼻痒及喷嚏症状无明显改变 .组织学结果示 :鼻粘膜上皮完整 ,腺体明显减少 ,腺管萎缩 .免疫组织化学结果示 :致敏组动物致敏后BTX A用药组腺体周围VIP纤维减少 ,未见束状VIP纤维 .结论 :BTX A能缓解变应性鼻炎流涕 ,VIP纤维密度和数量免疫阳性反应减少 ,能治疗变应性鼻炎的鼻溢症状 .AIM: To study the effect of Botulinum toxin A (BTX A) on inhibition of rhinorrhea, expression and morphological change of Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) at nasal mucosa, in allergic rhinitis (AR) rats. METHODS: Ovalbumin sensitized the rat to establish allergic rhinitis model. Rats were divided into control group ( n =6), allergic group ( n =10), allergic rats treated with BTX A (AR+BTX A) group ( n =5). VIP immunoreactivity at nasal mucosa in the allergic rhinitis rats was studied by immunohistochemistry. The morphological changes at nasal mucosa were observed by histological staining methods. RESULTS : The symptoms of allergic rhinitis, nasal rhinorrhea and sneezing, were remarkably augmented after ovalbumin application. The nasal rhinorrhea symptom diminished after BTX A treatment. The quantity of nasal secretion was significantly reduced in (AR+BTX A) group as compared with that in allergic group ( P 〉0.05). The nasal sneezing symptom in AR+BTX A group was not significantly different with that in the allergic group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated that no edema, small vessels were found in AR+BTX A group, but edema, vasodilational and inflammation cell infiltration were observed in the allergic group. Immunohistochemical study revealed that VIP immunoreactive fibers at the nasal mucosa decreased markedly after BTX A application, but a large number of VIP fibers were observed in the allergic group. CONCLUSION: Local BTX A treatment is a selective and non traumatic method to reduce a long lasting desensitization of the nasal mucosa,to alleviate nasal congestion,rhinorrhea and sneezing, and to reduce the sensory neuron sensitivity of the mucosa.

关 键 词：BTX-A 变应性鼻炎 鼻溢 VIP 大鼠 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R966.1[医药卫生—临床医学]