“以人为本”的载人飞船工程工效学研究与应用  

Human-centered Ergonomical Study and Applications in Manned Spacecraft Project of China.

作　　者：姜国华[1] 周前祥[1] 徐永忠[1] 田志强[1] 姚素英[1] 姜世忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]航天医学工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2003年第z1期550-555,共6页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：中国载人航天工程基金资助

摘　　要：航天发射和返回过程中的高G值以及在轨道飞行中的微重力均是航天员不可避免的环境因素 ,相应的工作姿势与地面状态有较大的区别。本文根据 1 0年来我国载人飞船工程相关工效学的工程实际 ,介绍了航天工效学的定义及其在载人航天工程任务中的作用和意义 ,结合航天员的工作状态 ,系统分析了航天工效学研究内容和相关研究方法 ,针对载人飞船研制任务的实例 ,论述了工效学评价类型和实施的方法。最后在总结航天工效学的发展趋势和首次载人飞船工程经验的基础上 ,提出了今后载人航天任务中人机系统研制的建议。High G and weightlessness are two important environment factors that are unavoidable during spaceflight. They will bring key effects on astronauts′ posture and working efficiency. In this paper, on the basis of experience of China first manned spacecraft project in the past 10 years, the concept of space ergonomics and its role in the project were reviewed. Ergonomic research items and corresponding methods were systematically analyzed with astronauts′ working state, and ergonomic evaluation types and approaches were discussed with some given cases being used in the project. Finally, some suggestions were proposed on space man-machine system development according to recent ergonomic trend in space ergonomics and the basis of experience of first manned spacecraft project.

关 键 词：载人飞船 工效学 人机系统 航天员 要求 评价 

分 类 号：R857.1[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]