种植抗虫品种和减量使用杀虫剂的白背飞虱可持续治理技术的田间试验  

Field Trials on the Sustainable Management of the Whitebacked Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera Through Planting Resistant Cultivars and Reducing Insecticide Use

作　　者：刘光杰[1] 寒川一成 石敦贵[3] 陈仕高[3] 沈君辉[1] 谢雪梅[3] 谯青春[3] 蒲正国[3] 刘祥贵 杨英松 王敬宇[6] 刘春[3] 万蓉 

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所国家水稻改良中心,浙江杭州310006 [2]日本国际农林水产业研究中心,日本筑波3058686 [3]重庆市秀山县植保植检站,重庆秀山409900 [4]重庆市植保植检站,重庆400020 [5]西南农业大学植物保护学院,重庆400716 [6]安徽农业大学植物保护系,安徽合肥230036

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2003年第z1期108-114,共7页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：JIRCAS国际合作研究项目 (B333310 1) ;国家"十五"科技攻关项目 (2 0 0 1BA5 0 9B0 2 -0 3) ;浙江省"十五"科技攻关项目 (0 1110 2 2 0 2 );中日合作研究项目"中国重要食物资源的可持续生产和高度利用技术的开发"在中国水稻研究所实施的"中国迁飞性稻飞虱综合

摘　　要：采用田间虫情和天敌数量调查、水稻产量与千粒重测定和水稻生产实际收益比较的方法 ,在浙江富阳和重庆秀山两地进行了种植抗虫品种和减量使用杀虫剂的白背飞虱可持续治理技术的田间试验。设使用杀虫剂 2次和农户管理 (使用杀虫剂 4～ 5次 )两个处理 ,无杀虫剂作为对照。试验结果表明 ,抗虫品种嘉花 1号在各种杀虫剂处理中 ,白背飞虱成、若虫数量最低 (0 9～ 3 3只 /株 ) ,是感虫品种中香 1号无杀虫剂处理的 0 12 %。无杀虫剂处理的蜘蛛数量分别是农户管理和杀虫剂 2次处理的 2 8～ 5 5倍和 1 6～ 4 1倍。在同样的杀虫剂处理条件下 ,抗虫和耐虫品种的稻谷损失量和损失率较感虫品种明显地低。水稻生产的实际收益比较显示 ,无杀虫剂处理 ,种植嘉花 1号可以增收 1 13%～ 15 91%。因此 ,稻农种植抗虫或耐虫品种 ,减量使用杀虫剂至 2次或不使用杀虫剂 ,充分利用蜘蛛等天敌的控制作用 ,完全能够有效地抑制白背飞虱种群的发生和发展 ,获得与常规杀虫剂用量 (4～ 5次 )相仿或更高的收益。The field trials on the sustainable management of the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera through planting resistant cultivars and reducing insecticide use were conducted by investigating number of insect pests and spiders, measuring rice yield and 1000-grain weight and comparison of net income from rice production in Fuyang, Zhejiang and Xiu- shan, Chongqing. Insecticide treatments were sprayed insecticides twice and farmer-self management,and not spraying insecticides severed as control. Results indicated that number of adults and nymphs of S. furcifera on the resistant cultivar Jiahua 1 under all insecticide treatments was at 0 9-3 3 insects/plant, and 826 7 times lower than that on the susceptible cultivar Zhongxiang 1 without insecticide treatment. Number of spiders in the plots without insecticide treatment was 2 8-5 5 and 1 6-4 1 times more than ones with insecticides sprayed twice and farmer-self management. Under the same insecticide treatment, the quantity and percentage of yield loss on resistant or tolerant cultivars were obviously lower than those on susceptible ones. Planting resistant cultivar Jiahua 1 could increase net income up to 1 13%-15 91% of without insecticide use. It could be concluded that S. furcifera could be efficiently suppressed by planting resistant or tolerant cultivars, reducing insecticide use to 2 times and up to no insecticides, and maximizing the controlling effect of spiders to insect pests so as to achieve the similar net income with ordinary use of insecticides at 4-5 times per rice season and even higher.

关 键 词：白背飞虱 抗虫品种 杀虫剂 害虫综合治理 水稻 

分 类 号：S435.11[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]