腾格里沙漠人工固沙植被区生物土壤结皮对降水的拦截作用  

Impact of Microbiotic Soil Crusts on Rainfall Interception in Artificial Vegetation Area of Tengger Desert

作　　者：李守中[1] 肖洪浪[1] 宋耀选[1] 李金贵[1] 刘立超[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠试验研究站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2002年第6期612-616,共5页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目 (KZCX1 0 9);寒区旱区环境与工程研究所创新项目 ( 2 10 0 2 8);国家自然科学基金项目( 40 0 0 50 0 2 )资助

摘　　要：在沙坡头人工植被区对人工模拟降水及天然降水后生物土壤结皮层含水率进行了动态定位监测 ,并分析了生物土壤结皮拦截降水的作用。结果表明 :①生物土壤结皮的发育改变了原来沙丘剖面的水分分配格局 ,1 0 %～ 40 %的年降水量被拦截到结皮层 ;②随固沙年限的增加 ,生物土壤结皮的进一步发育和演变 ,其对降水的拦截能力也进一步提高 ;③生物土壤结皮对降水的拦截有明显的季节变化 ,7～ 1 0月份平均拦截雨量比 4～ 6月份平均高出 1 2 %。Microbiotic soil crusts are the most common component of sandy soil surface in the arid and semiarid zones,and have been received great attention. The soil surface condition, especially the soil water condition, changed greatly along with the microbiotic soil crusts developing. Although there were several hypotheses on the relationship between microbiotic soil crusts and the interception of rainfall, few direct research work has been carried out so far.\;A series of experiments were conducted in Shapotou artificial vegetation area , southeastern fringe of the Tengger desert(105°00′E, 37°40′N). The impact of microbiotic soil crusts on interception of rainfall was examined based on the soil water content data under simulated rainfall. Some results were concluded:\;(1) As the microbiotic soil crusts developed, the physical character of surface soil changed a lot, and intended to hold more water to the top layer of the soil profile, thus led to the interception of rainfall and less water that can penetrate to the deeper layer of the soil. According to the statistical data, about 10%～40% annual precipitation was intercepted in the thin crusts layer.\;(2) Comparison among the different artificial vegetation areas showed that the longer the microbiotic soil crusts developed, the more the water could be intercepted. Theres a significant correlation between the thickness of microbiotic soil crusts and the amount of rainfall interception.\;(3) The impact of microbiotic soil crusts on interception of rainfall has its seasonal change. Under the same simulated rainfall, more rainfall was intercepted in July through October than in April through June. The reason is that the microbiotic component of the crusts such as the algae, mosses, lichens developed faster in autumn when the moisture and temperature are the most desirable in a year in Shapotou.

关 键 词：生物土壤结皮 降水拦截 腾格里沙漠 人工固沙植被 

分 类 号：S152.75[农业科学—土壤学]