鄂西北对流云及其人工催化的三维数值模拟个例研究  

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF RAIN ENHANCEMENT EXPERIMENT IN NORTHWESTERN HUBEI PROVINCE OF CHINA

作　　者：何观芳[1] 胡志晋[1] 李淑日[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2001年第z1期96-106,共11页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金! 4 96752 4 7项目;国家科技攻关课题资助! (96 0 2 0 0 1 0 5)

摘　　要：该文把三维对流云模式应用于湖北省西北部地区的对流云降水研究和人工增雨试验设计 ,并和张家口冰雹云个例的模拟进行了比较。模拟结果表明 :该地区给定季节的对流云主要特征有云底温度较高 (约 2 6℃ ) ,云中上升气流速度中等 (最大约 1 8m/s) ,初始回波在较暖区 ( 1～ - 2 .5℃ )形成 ,云的回波顶高约 1 3km。前期的暖云降水对地面雨量贡献很大。播云的数值模拟结果显示了初始回波出现后约 1 0min回波顶高到达 - 2 2℃处时 ,在温度为- 2～ - 6℃层的云的中心部位引进 5× 1 0 5～ 1 0 7个 /kg碘化银冰核 ,使地面降雨只有微弱增加。湖北西北部对流云中过冷云水偏少 ,最大仅 5g/kg和 3.8g/kg ,而且过冷云水大值区温度偏高 ( - 2 .5℃ )。催化后云中最大上升气流和地面格点最大雨量值变化不大 ,有时减少 ,后期降雨量增加 ,下风方雨量增加 ,分布更加均匀 ,但总雨量增加不多。In order to design the rain enhancement experiment in Shiyan of China a series of numerical simulation was conducted by using a 3D convective cloud model. In agreement with observations the model results show that the convective clouds, as the major contributor to rainfall in the given region, and season, had a warm base temperature (about 25℃)and moderate updraft (maximum value is about 18 m/s). The first echo formed in the warm region and the maximum height of cloud top was about 13 km. The numerical simulation of ice nucleus seeding shows when the cloud top temperature reached -22℃, i.e, about 10 min after the appearance of first echo, seeding with artificial AgI nucleus in concentration of 5×105 to 107 /m3 in the central part of cloud with a temperature of -2℃ to -6℃ might lead to a slight increase of total rainfall. Maximum cloud height and updraft did not change significantly. The simulation also shows that changes of the seeding time, location and dosage within certain limits have a more or less stable effect on seeding.

关 键 词：对流云碘化银冰核催化增雨 

分 类 号：P481[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]