荒漠碱化土区域农业持续发展战略  

Strategic Measures for Sustainable Agricultural Development in Desert Regions

作　　者：王周琼[1] 李述刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《土壤通报》2001年第z1期147-150,共4页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

摘　　要：新疆准噶尔盆地北部和天山北坡灌区为荒漠碱化土区域．　通过我们在干旱区点面结合的多年研究，现提出该区域农业持续发展战略．１．以生态学观点　进行综合治理：对生态系统各部分进行人为调控．２．次生盐渍化治理防治结合，以防为主：　主要是减少地下水补给，减少土壤无效蒸发，提高水分利用效率（ＷＵＥ）．３．生物改良为主，　水利改良为辅．４．农牧结合，草田轮作，实现绿洲农业良性养分循环；该系统与连作对照比　较，其光能利用率可由０．４８％提高到１．００％，良性养分循环指数（ＭＮ）由０．２０４％提高到０．６０７％．创新的提出良性养分循环指数（ＭＮ），用来衡量农业生态系统是否向良性循环发展的一个数量化的综合指标．５．从系统外加大有机无机复合肥投入，研制成功草炭复合生态肥．The irrigation region in northern of Zhunger Basin and northern slope of Tian Mountain were the regions with desert alkali soil. Based on the studies combined point with area tests in the arid region, the strategics of sustainable agri- cultural development were proposed as following:(1)Comprehen sive treatment from the viewpoint of ecology: manual readjustment and control for each part of ecosystem there.(2)For the second salinization, prevention was priority: reduc- ing the supply of groundwater, reducing the useless evaporation, and improving the water utilization efficiency.(3)Biologi- cal reformation was the preferential measurements with the reinforcement of hydrological reformation, com bination the prevention with treatment.(4)Combination the agriculture with pasture, rotating the pasture with crop field, realizing the nutrients cycles in a better way for the oasis agriculture. Comparing with the systems without rotation, the light energy u- tilization efficiency was improved from 0.48% to 1.00%, and index of nutrients cycles was improved from 0.204 to 0.607. The index of nutrients cycles was a comprehensive indicator for assessment whether the development is well or not.(5)Input of inorganic, organic, and compound fertilizer should be enhanced. The ecological fertilizer of grass-peat was developed.

关 键 词：碱化土壤 持续农业 盐碱土改良 农业生态系统 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]