美国农业劳动力向城市转移的特点  

The Characteristics of Rural-Urban Migration in the U.S.

作　　者：黄柯可[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所,研究员。北京100006

出　　处：《世界历史》2000年第3期12-20,共9页World History

摘　　要：The rural-urban migration in America had characteristics as following:Firstly,America had been obstructed in the process of inflow of people from rural areas to cities less than Western European countries.Compared with them,there was no serious household register system,a long\|drawn\|out war,and national division in America.Secondly,America had a short process of transfer of rural people into urban areas.Because the majority of American population formed by immigrants of European countries,so that there was not a stable huge number of small farmers to transfer into cities.In France,the process of inflow of mass far\|mers to cities continued for a long time.Thirdly,in the history of the U.S.,the tendency of population inflow from countryside to cities occurred in the same period and in step with internal migration from east to west all over the country.The rural-urban migration in America had characteristics as following:Firstly,America had been obstructed in the process of inflow of people from rural areas to cities less than Western European countries.Compared with them,there was no serious household register system,a long\|drawn\|out war,and national division in America.Secondly,America had a short process of transfer of rural people into urban areas.Because the majority of American population formed by immigrants of European countries,so that there was not a stable huge number of small farmers to transfer into cities.In France,the process of inflow of mass far\|mers to cities continued for a long time.Thirdly,in the history of the U.S.,the tendency of population inflow from countryside to cities occurred in the same period and in step with internal migration from east to west all over the country.

关 键 词：美国 黑人 美利坚合众国 北美洲 农业劳动力 农村劳动力 城镇 农村人口转移 人口出生率 人口自然变动 农民 劳动者 农业人口转移 奴隶制度 欧洲 工业化初期 

分 类 号：K712[历史地理—历史学]