特大高温干旱对门诊内科患者疾病谱的影响  

Impact of Extremely High Temperature and Drought on Outpatients′ Disease Spectrum in Internal Medicine

作　　者：余兰英[1] 谭婧[1] 钟朝晖[1] 刘达伟[1] 李丽[2] 王旭[3] 胡亚飞[3] 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆市400016 [2]大足县第二人民医院 [3]重庆市巴南区气象局

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2009年第11期946-948,951,共4页Chinese General Practice

摘　　要：目的 探讨特大高温干旱期间门诊内科患者疾病谱的特点及变化情况.方法 采用描述性研究中的历史常规资料分析方法,描述重庆地区2006年7-8月与相邻2年（2005年,2007年）同期门诊内科病例疾病谱的特点并进行对比.结果 2005-2007年3年间7-8月的月平均气温（2005年7、8月分别为29.5 ℃和26.1 ℃,2006年为31.2 ℃和32.7 ℃,2007年为27.5 ℃和29.4 ℃）、月最高气温（2005年7、8月分别为35.6 ℃和30.8 ℃,2006年为37.4 ℃和39.5 ℃,2007年为31.9 ℃和36.0 ℃）、24 h降水量（2005年7、8月分别为3.0 mm和6.3 mm,2006年为2.1 mm和0.3 mm,2007年为11.8 mm和2.6 mm）、24 h蒸发量（2005年7、8月分别为6.5 mm和3.8 mm,2006年为8.4 mm和9.6 mm,2007年为4.1 mm和8.2 mm）和相对湿度（2005年7、8月分别为67.9%和76.7%,2006年为67.3%和50.9%,2007年为84.3%和69.0%）间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,同期门诊内科病例性别构成（2005年男女分别占48.91%和51.09%,2006年男女分别占46.03%和53.97%,2007年男女分别占47.17%和52.83%）和年龄构成（2005年0～岁、15～岁、40～岁、65～岁分别占1.14%、41.34%、41.88%、15.64%,2006年分别占0.70%、40.57%、41.69%、17.04%,2007年分别占0.62%、39.72%、41.95%、17.71%）间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病和循环系统疾病在3年中一直居于前3位;在单病种分类中,上呼吸道感染的构成比在2006年排第1位.结论 特大高温干旱天气对人群健康影响有性别和年龄差异.受高温干旱天气影响的主要疾病是呼吸系统疾病,影响较明显的单病种为上呼吸道感染.Objective To investigate the disease spectrum features and variations of Internal Medicine Outpatients during the period of extremely high temperature and drought.Methods The history conventional data analysis in descriptive method was adopted in analyzing the disease spectrum features of internal medicine outpatients in July and August 2006 in Chongqing,and compared them with those in the same periods of 2005 and 2007.Results The average temperatures during the same periods of July and August were respectively 29.5 ℃ and 26.1 ℃in 2005,31.2 ℃ and 32.7 ℃ in 2006,and 27.5 ℃ and 29.4 ℃ in 2007;the highest temperatures were respectively 35.6 ℃ and 30.8 ℃ in 2005,37.4 ℃ and 39.5 ℃ in 2006,and 31.9 ℃ and 36 in 2007;the precipitations were respectively 3.0 mm and 6.3 mm in 2005,2.1 mm and 0.3 mm in 2006,and 11.8 mm and 2.6 mm in 2007;the evaporations evaporation 6.5 mm and 3.8 mm in 2005,8.4 mm and 9.6 mm in 2006,and 4.1 mm and 8.2 mm in 2007;the relative humidities were respectively 67.9% and 76.7% in 2005,67.3% and 50.9% in 2006,and 84.3% and 69.0% in 2007(P<0.05).The constituent ratios of male to female were respectively 48.91% and 51.09% in 2005,46.03% and 53.97% in 2006,and 47.17% and 52.83% in 2007;and the constituent ratios aged 14 and below,39 and below,64 and below,and 65 and above were respectively 1.14%,41.34%,41.88% and 15.64% in 2005,0.70%,40.57%,41.69% and 17.04% in 2006,and 0.62%,39.72%,41.95% and 17.71% in 2007(P<0.05).The diseases of respiratory system,digestive system and circulatory system had been in the first three places during the three years.And the constituent ratio of upper respiratory infection was in the first place in individual disease classification in 2006.Conclusion The impact of weather of extremely high temperature and drought on people′s health is different in age and gender.The main diseases affected by such weather are respiratory system diseases,with upper respiratory infection being more evident.

关 键 词：高温干旱 门诊患者 内科 疾病谱 

分 类 号：R56[医药卫生—呼吸系统]