安徽省钉螺和阳性钉螺分布现状  

Survey on distribution of Oncomelania snail and infected snail in Anhui Province

作　　者：高风华[1] 张世清[1] 汪天平[1] 何家昶[1] 杨卫平[1] 张功华[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省血吸虫病防治研究所,芜湖市241000

出　　处：《热带病与寄生虫学》2009年第1期31-34,封2,共5页Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology

摘　　要：目的了解安徽省钉螺和阳性钉螺分布现状及变化趋势。方法收集全省近年来钉螺调查的数据,绘制阳性钉螺分布的电子地图,并进行综合分析。结果安徽省现有钉螺面积27 890 hm^2,阳性钉螺面积544 hm^2。湖沼型流行区钉螺呈片状分布在长江的江、洲滩及其支流水系、湖泊,有螺面积和阳性螺面积分别占全省的89%和81%,钉螺孳生和感染严重;江滩是该类流行区中阳性钉螺分布最多的环境;山丘型流行区钉螺呈点状分布在较大的河流、灌区或多种特殊环境,钉螺和阳性螺环境数多,分布广,距居民点较近,对居民威胁较大;沟渠是该类流行区中阳性钉螺分布最多的环境。钉螺复现与新发现主要分布局部湖滩地区与少数山丘内陆地区。结论总体上全省阳性钉螺分布呈下降趋势,钉螺分布呈徘徊之势,形势不容乐观。为压缩钉螺与阳性钉螺分布,有必要提高查灭螺质量与加大螺情监测,加大对阳性螺点和重点易感环境打击力度,并采取环境改造和控制传染源等综合治理措施。Objective To understand the status and tend of distribution of Oncomelania snail and infected snail in Anhui province. Methods To collect the data of snail survey, make the electronic map of distribution of infected snail and carry out the comprehensive analysis. Conclusion There were 278.9 million square meters with snail and 5.44 million square meters with infected snail distributed in Anhui province. In lake regions, the snail was distributed over both banks of the Yangtze River and the tributaries rivers and lakes, the area of snail and infected snail occupy 89% and 81% of the total, respectively. In mountainous areas, the snail was distributed over the large river and irrigated area or special environments, the number of environments with snails and infected snails was high, and most environments were distributed so closely with the residential points that residents were at more risk of infection of schistosome. The river beach and canal was the main environment with snail and infected snail in lake regions and mountain areas, respectively. The reappearance and new finding of snail occurred mainly in a few of lake beaches and mountainous areas. Conclusion In general, the infected snail distribution presents a downward trend and the area of snail shows up and down about 280 million square meters. To reduce the distribution of snail and infected snail, it is necessary to improve the quality of snail survey and control, enhance the snail control of infected snail areas, and carry out environment modification, infection source control and other measures.

关 键 词：钉螺 阳性钉螺 分布现状 安徽省 

分 类 号：R1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]