无铅汽油推广使用以来儿童铅暴露对智力影响的疾病负担变化趋势分析研究  

A study on Burden of disease since the Application Unleaded gasoline in Shanghai

作　　者：吴金贵[1] 王丽明[1] 钮春瑾[1] 庄祖嘉[1] 徐惠萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区疾病预防控制中心,200336

出　　处：《中国实用医药》2007年第16期21-24,共4页China Practical Medicine

摘　　要：目的 探讨使用无铅汽油以来铅暴露对儿童智商影响的疾病负担.方法 通过文献检索收集国内1998～2006年公开发表的儿童血铅研究论文,采用WHO环境铅疾病负担的评估方法,对推广无铅汽油后儿童血铅水平进行分析,并估评儿童铅暴露引起的轻度智力低下(MMR)的疾病负担(DALYs).结果 推广无铅汽油9年后儿童血铅水平(几何平均浓度)由8.3 μg/dl下降至2.99 μg/dl,下降了64%,每1 000名儿童发生的MMR减少了2.08例,每1 000名儿童的疾病负担损失减少了22.3DALYs.推广无铅汽油9年后,估计可以减少MMR发病656例,同时可减少因铅暴露所致MMR的疾病负担损失近7 000DALYs.结论 无铅汽油的推广使用可明显降低由铅暴露对儿童智力影响的疾病负担.Objective To explore burden of disease(BOD)for lead exposuring effect on children intelligence quotient(IQ)among children in Shanghai since unleaded gasoline(ULG)has been used.Methods The research papers on children’s blood lead levels(BLLs)in Shanghai published in 1998-2006 were collected through Chinese Biomedical Disc(CBMDisc).We evaluated BLLs and MMR BOD(DALYs)after UBG application with assessment method of lead evironmental burden of disease(EBOD)from WHO.Results After UBG adoption 9 years,geometric BLLs was deceased 64% from 8.3μg/dl to 2.99 μg/dl.The lead exposured MMR,EBOD deasesed 2.08 and 22.3 DALYs from 4.97 to 2.83,53.9 to 31.6 per 1000 chindren,repectively.At same time,the use of ULG could avoid nearly MMR 656 cases and 7000 DALYs.Conclusion Use of ULG efficiently reduce MMR and EBOD for exposure of school-aged children to lead.

关 键 词：铅 无铅汽油 轻度智力低下 DALYS 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]