嘉道之际江南大疫的前前后后──基于近世社会变迁的考察  

Epidemics in Jianguan during the Jiaqing and Daogumang Reigns

作　　者：余新忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史系,讲师天津300071

出　　处：《清史研究》2001年第2期1-18,共18页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：本文将嘉道之际的江南大疫置于中国近世社会变迁的大背景中，对疫情及前前后后的众多相关问题作了具体考察，认为真性霍乱的传入与反复流行，既与西力东渐不无关系，也与江南本身的地域特点，以及乾嘉以来的社会经济发展、海上和内河交通的昌盛、环境的破坏和污染日趋加重等因素密不可分。瘟疫出现后，江南社会各界特别医学界对霍乱流行及相关问题做出种种不无成效的反应。从中我们看到的不仅仅是所谓传统社会的变动不居，还有江南地方社会所具有的活力和能动性。我们没有理由蔽于西方文明的突飞猛进和强势而忽视中国社会自身的发展变化。This article places epidemics in Jiangnan during the Jiaqing and Daoguang reigns in context of evolution of modern Chinese society and thoroughly examines issues related to epidemics. The article finds that cholera epidemics repeatedly broke out and were related to contacts with the West as well as to factors peculiar to the Jiangnan region itself. These internal factors included Jiangnan's geographical features, the economic developments that took place during the Qianlong and Jiaqing reigns, the flourishing of seaborne and riverborne traffic. and the increase in environmental degradation and pollution. After the appearance of apidemics in Jiangnan, various circles. particularly medical circles, took many effective measures to control such epidemics, thereby manifesting the vivacity and dynamism of local Jiangnan society. This history of epidemics in Jiangnan indicates that we should not conceal,the rapid advance of Western civilization, nor should we overlook developments within Chinese society.

关 键 词：嘉道之际 江南 大疫 社会变迁 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]