民航飞行人员外周血淋巴细胞的胞质分裂阻滞微核率  

Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Civil Aviation Pilots and Crew Members

作　　者：段世英[1] 彭新涛[1] 陈蔚如[2] 贾宝山[3] 冯英进[2] 孙天平[3] 张海丽[4] 赵俊贤[1] 张岩[4] 

机构地区：[1]新疆航空公司飞行部航医室,乌鲁木齐830016 [2]中国民航学院航空医学研究室,天津300300 [3]民航乌鲁木齐管理局飞标处,乌鲁木齐830016 [4]天津南开大学医学院,300071

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2001年第5期278-282,305,共5页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：中国民航总局科技基金项目 (99 3 3)

摘　　要：[目的 ]用胞质分裂阻滞微核法观察宇宙辐射对民用航空飞行人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率的影响。 [方法 ]采集 15 0名健康飞行人员和 32名地面对照人员的外周静脉血 ,在含植物血凝素 (PHA)的RPMI 16 40培养基中 37℃培养38～ 44h ,加入细胞松弛素 B继续培养至 72h。经低渗、固定、涂片、染色 ,每例观察 5 0 0个双核淋巴细胞中的微核。 [结果 ]飞行人员的双核淋巴细胞微核率 (MNF) ( 16 15‰± 0 33‰ )、微核细胞率 (MNCF) ( 13 6 6‰± 0 2 1‰ )与地面人员的MNF( 11 48‰± 0 5 0‰ )、MNCF( 10 42‰± 0 5 7‰ )相比 ,差异有非常显著意义 (P <0 0 1)。飞行人员的MNF、MNCF与年飞行小时呈线性相关 ,MNF、MNCF随飞行人员的工龄、累积飞行小时和年龄呈反相变化。飞行人员经一个月的休假后 ,MNF、MNCF均低于连续飞行组 ,与连续飞行组比较 ,两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但近一个月未飞行组的MNF、MNCF仍显著高于地面组。在去除年龄、性别等影响因素后 ,没有发现吸烟增加飞行人员的微核。无论飞行组还是地面组 ,男女性别间微核差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。 [结论 ]宇宙辐射可能引起民航飞行人员染色体损伤。胞质分裂阻滞微核法能够灵敏的反映近期内飞行负荷的差别 。To monitor the micronucleus rates in peripheral blood lymphocytes of civil aviation pilots and crew members with cytokinesis block micronucleus method. The peripheral venous blood samples from 150 healthy flight personnel and 32 control healthy ground crew were incubated at 37℃ in the complete RPMI 1640 medium for 38～44h,added cytochalasion B and then incubation continued till 72h. After hypotonic treatment,the harvested cells were fixed,smeared and stained,500 binuclear cells were observed for each subject. ①The MNF and MNCF in flight personnel (16 15‰±0 33‰,13 66‰±0 21‰,respectively) were significantly higher than those in the controls (11 48‰±0 50‰,10 42‰±0 57‰,respectively) ( P <0 01);②The MNF and MNCF in flight personnel were linearly related to annual flying hours;③The decsease in MNF and MNCF in those flight personnel was observed with flying professional seniority,accumulative flying hours and age;④The MNF and MNCF in flight persons having recuperation and vacation were significantly lower than those in continued flying persons ( P <0 05). However,the MNF and MNCF in flight personnel without flying in the last month were still significantly higher than those in ground crew;⑤After adjustion for the influence of sex and age,we didn't find that smoking exacerbated the micronuleus formation in flight personnel;⑥Whether flight personnel or controls,the micronuleus rate between male and female didn't have significant difference ( P >0 05). [Conclusion] The results suggested that the cosmic rediation encountered by civil pilots and crew members may induce chromosomal damage. The cytokinesis blocked micronucleus method could respond sensibly the diference in short term flying load,therefore,it could be regarded as an index which monitor the damage induced by short term cosmic radiation.

关 键 词：胞质分裂阻滞微核 飞行人员 淋巴细胞 宇宙辐射 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]