延安中尺度生态农业研究区域中不同土地类型粮食生产潜力的评估  

Assessment of Grain Productive Potential on Different Land Type in Middle-scale Ecoagricultural Research Area of Yanan

作　　者：邓西平[1] 张成娥[1] 王拴全[2] 彭珂珊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨陵712100 [2]陕西省农业科学院特种作物研究所

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2000年第z1期87-91,109,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技攻关项目!( 96-0 0 4 -0 5-1 3 )

摘　　要：在以往对黄土高原地区作物生产潜力研究的基础上 ,建立了水土流失环境下不同土地类型粮食生产潜力的数学模型 ,并对模型的参数进行了设定和推算。对延安生态农业研究区粮食生产潜力的估算结果表明 ,不同土地类型粮食生产的潜力趋势为 :水地坝地 >川台梯田 >坡耕地 ;不同作物之间的生产潜力顺序则表现为 :玉米 >马铃薯 >谷子 >冬小麦 >大豆 ;在光照、温度和降水这 3个难以调控的环境因子中 ,水分不足是限制潜力的瓶颈 ,不同土地类型的潜力差异很大 ,基本农田是开发作物潜力最适宜的土地类型。建议在治理水土流失、建设生态农业过程中 ,把提高有限土地上的粮食单产作为粮食生产潜力开发的主攻方向 ,并认为 ,少种高产是解决生态农业建设中水土流失治理与粮食生产矛盾的结合点。Bases on the past studies of crop productive potential in the area of the Loess Plateau, mathematical models of grain productive potential for the different land type of the soil and water erosion area were established and some parameters in the models were recalculated and determined too. The estimated results of the grain productive potential in the Ecoagricultural Research Area of Yanan indicated that potential trend of the grain production in the different land types is that land of irrigated and deposited behind dam>land of step and terrace>land of slope. The productive potential order among different crops shows that maize>potato>millet>wheat>soybean. Analyzed result illustrated that among uncontrollable environmental factors of solar radiation, temperature and rainfall, water shortage is a bottleneck to limit the potential, although productive potentials among different type of land are various, capital field is the most suitable type to develop crop productive potential. It is suggested that to increase grain yield in the limited land is the direction of main attack for tapping the potential of grain production. Moreover, it is concluded that reduction of arable area and advance of grain yield synchronously, is the conjoint point to resolve the contradiction between soil conservation and crop production under the construction of ecoagriculture in Yanan.

关 键 词：生态农业 土地类型 粮食生产 潜力估算 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]