An approach on the survivorship of giant panda in wild  

大熊猫野外生存探讨(英文)

作　　者：李兆华 

出　　处：《Journal of Forestry Research》2001年第1期59-62,共5页林业研究（英文版）

摘　　要：The endangered giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is endemic to th e mountains of Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces in China. The species had nu mbered over 2000 animals in early 1970s, but declined to no more than 1,000 anim als fragmented into perhaps 32 subpopulations in late 1990s as the result of num erous detrimental forces such as habitat shrinking, poaching and bamboo flowerin g. The mass flowering and followed die-off of bamboo played key roles in the dec lination of panda population in the past three decades. It trigged the starvatio n and following high mortality of giant pandas in 1970s over Min Mountains and i n 1980s across Qionglai Mountains in Sichuan Province. The situation of survivor ship is made worse by the fact that the panda habitat is fragmented into many sm all 'islands', each containing only a few pandas. Such small, isolated panda pop ulations are rendered even more vulnerable to extinction form threats such as ha bitat degradation, natural disaster, disease, and the deleterious effects of inb reeding. So restoring the panda habitat and reintroduction pandas to their histo rical habitat might be an important issue for protecting the giant panda in wild .濒危的大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)是中国四川、甘肃和陕西省山区所特有的物种 。该种在20世纪70年代有2000多只。由于生境缩小、偷猎和竹林开花等原因所致，到20世纪 90年代，大熊猫种群的数量下降到不足1000只，且分离成32个亚种群。在过去的30多年中， 大量竹林开花和开花后死亡是大熊猫种群数量下降的主要原因。70年代，整个岷山的大熊猫 遭受饥荒，80年代蔓延到琼莱山，造成大熊猫大量死亡。大熊猫的生境被分离成很多小的“ 岛”，每个小的生存地只有几只熊猫，使得大熊猫的生存形式进一步恶化。小的、孤立的大 熊猫种群变的更加脆弱，很容易受到生境退化、自然灾害、疾病和近亲繁殖的威胁，从而导 致灭绝。因此，对于保护野生大熊猫来说，恢复大熊猫的生境并把大熊猫重新引回到它们的 历史生境中去，是一个重要的研究课题。

关 键 词：Giant panda Population dynamics Bamboo flowering SURVIVORSHIP Cons ervation REINTRODUCTION 

分 类 号：S865[农业科学—野生动物驯养]