仔猪实验性铅中毒的病理学研究  

Pathological Study on Experimental Lead Poisoning in Piglets

作　　者：成军[1] 高丰[1] 潘耀谦[1] 王哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军军需大学军事兽医系,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2004年第4期372-375,共4页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目 ( 3 0 170 713 )

摘　　要：选择长白仔猪 12头 ,体质量 8～ 12 kg,随机分成试验组 (8头 )和对照组 (4头 )。试验组仔猪用醋酸铅溶液按日剂量 6 0 mg/ kg体质量饮水 ,对照组仔猪正常饲喂 ,持续 14周。结果试验仔猪临床表现消瘦、厌食或绝食 ,腹泻、惊厥及肌肉震颤等症状。血液学检查 ,试验仔猪呈小细胞性、低色素性贫血 ,其外周血中中、晚幼红细胞增多 ,且能见到嗜碱性点彩颗粒。病理眼观变化 :心脏扩张 ,心包有积液 ;肝、肾肿大 ,呈土黄色 ;脾稍肿大 ,切面呈暗红色 ,结构模糊 ;肺膨大 ,质地脆弱 ;胃、肠黏膜潮红、肿胀 ,胃壁充血、出血 ;大脑膜血管充血。病理组织学检查 :心肌纤维变性、坏死 ;肝细胞发生颗粒和脂肪变性 ,汇管区血管充血 ;脾小梁静脉扩张 ,脾窦有大量红细胞浸润 ;肺支气管黏膜上皮和肾小管上皮细胞变性、坏死 ;小肠、大肠黏膜上皮变性坏死、脱落 ,腺体杯状细胞增多 ;脑膜血管扩张充血 ,神经细胞水肿 ,胞浆溶解。组织超微结构观察 :肝细胞核周间隙和核膜界限不清 ,线粒体扩张呈囊状 ;肾小管上皮细胞核及线粒体基质部分缺失 ,局部空泡化 ;大脑、小脑、脑干、脊髓神经细胞及其线粒体基质局部缺失 ,神经胶质细胞及神经纤维不同程度出现溶解斑。用原子吸收分光光度计法测定仔猪外周血、心、肝、肾、脑及股骨的铅含量 ,?Twelve landrace piglets, weighing 8 to 12 kg, were randomly divided into two groups, test group and control group. Test piglets were given a solution containing 60mg lead acetate/kg of body weight every day and control group were fed normally for 14 weeks. Then clinical signs observed in test piglets were weight loss, inappetence, diarrhea, convulsion and muscle tremors. Piglets manifested parvocellular and hypochromic anemia and basophilic, polychromatophilic and acidophilic erythroblasts increased in their blood. Basophilic stippling was also seen. The gross lesions observed were cardiac dilatation and pericardial effusion; livers and kidneys tumefaction, clay-yellow; spleens slight tumefaction, dark red cut sections and obscure structure; lungs expanding, being fragile; gastric and intestinal mucosa flushing, tumefaction, gastric fundus hyperemia and hemorrhage; vessels of pia mater hyperemia. The results of histopathologic examination were as follows: cardiac muscle fiber degeneration and necrosis; liver cells granular degeneration and fatty degeneration, vessels of portal area engorgement;veins of rabecula of spleen dilatation, a large number of red cells infiltrating splenic sinus; epithelium of pulmonary bronchus mucosa and renal tubule degeneration, necrosis; small intestinal and large intestinal mucosa epithelia necrosis and abscission,goblet cells of gland increasing; vessels of brain adventitia expanding and hyperemia, nerve cells edema, cytoplasm lysis. The results of ultrastructure examination were shown below: perinuclear space and nuclear membrane edge obscuring in liver cells, mitochondrions expanding like vacuoles; the nuclei of renal tubule epithelium and mitochondrial matrix deletion partially and vacuolation locally; mitochondrial matrix of nerve cells of cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord deletion partially, neuroglial cells and nerve fibers appearing lysed patches at different levels. According to the test results in heart, liver, kidney, brain and femur by atomic absorption s

关 键 词：仔猪 铅中毒 病理学 环境污染物 

分 类 号：S858.286.9[农业科学—临床兽医学]