黑河流域水资源生态环境安全问题研究  

Research on Water Resources and Eco-environment Safety in Heihe River Basin

作　　者：张济世[1] 康尔泗[2] 姚进忠[2] 陈仁升[2] 蒲瑞丰[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2004年第4期425-430,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40235053);中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目(KZCX3 SW 329);中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX1 10 03 01);兰州交通大学"青蓝"人才工程项目共同资助

摘　　要：对黑河流域水文资料进行分析计算发现,由于有冰川补给流域水资源比较稳定,最枯年和最丰年水资源量之比仅为1∶2,这在北方河流中是非常罕见的。多年平均水资源量为32 31亿m3·a-1,人均水资源量为1689m3·a-1,略低于国际上公认的人均水资源安全警戒线1000～1700m3·a-1的上限。根据黑河流域水资源反复转化多次重复利用的特点,扣除7 5亿m3·a-1的生态用水量,结合流域正在执行的综合整治和节水措施的推广,目前水资源状况是安全的,下游生态环境的危机可以通过水资源统一调配来解决。依据天然出山水资源变化和水土资源开发利用规模及额济纳旗生态环境状况,在不增加土地灌溉规模并适当采取节水措施的前提下,可以确定32 31亿m3·a-1的天然来水量为流域水资源安全临界线,28亿m3·a-1的天然来水量为流域水资源安全警戒线。After analyzing the hydrological data for 58 years in Heihe river basin it was found that the regional water resources was relatively stable due to the replenishment of glacial melt-water. The ratio of the biggest annual runoff to the smallest one was 2∶1, and the average water resources was 32\^31×10^(8) m^(3)\5a^(-1). The average per capita water reached (1 689) m^(3)\5a^(-1), which was within the world-accepted safety range of (1 000)～(1 700) m^(3)\5a^(-1). But among the water resources there are 7\^5×10^(8) m^(3)\5a^(-1) should be used for ecological consumption. With consideration to the characteristics of water resources being retransformed and reused for many times, and the water-saving measures being adopted in the whole river basin, the water resources was still within safety range. According to water resource status, land developmental scale and the eco-environmental situation, the threshold safety line of natural runoff resources in the study river basin is defined as 32\^31×10^(8) m^(3)\5a^(-1); and the safety cordon is 28×10^(8) m^(3)\5a^(-1).

关 键 词：黑河 水资源开发 利用 安全 生态环境 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]