利用不同液体介质对甘蓝型油菜CMS辅助授粉的研究  

The studies on subsidiary pollination through different solution to CMS in Brassica napus L

作　　者：李建厂[1] 王灏[1] 李永红[1] 李殿荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省杂交油菜研究中心,陕西大荔715105

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2004年第2期15-19,共5页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：科技部农业科技成果转化资金项目(02EFN216100576)

摘　　要：利用不同浓度的食用蔗糖和食用盐液体介质及制备的介质花粉,在封闭、模拟制种、开放授粉条件下研究对甘蓝型油菜CMS陕2A、陕3A的辅助授粉效果。结果表明:低浓度糖介质能够在一定程度上保持花粉活力,改善柱头环境,有利于外源花粉附着萌发。低浓度糖介质花粉辅助授粉封闭处理的平均结籽数为1.37～2.13粒/朵,有效角粒数为3.80～4.88粒/角;模拟制种、开放授粉处理均能显著和极显著地增加CMS的结实,较大幅度地提高制种产量,以0.5%糖介质花粉对模拟制种田作模拟制种授粉,可使陕2A、陕3A平均结籽数分别提高2.91粒/朵和2.70粒/朵,增产10.35%和11.52%;而4.0%糖介质和1.0%盐介质对模拟制种田辅助授粉和开放授粉处理却表现显著的负效应。Subsidiary pollination to CMS (Shaan2A and Shaan3A) in Brassica napus was studied by employing different solutions of table sugar (0%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、4.0%) and table salt as well as solution+ pollen in closed environment and model multiplication environment and open pollination environment. The results showed that low concentration solutions, to certain degree, could keep pollen activity and improve stigma environment, which would advantage foreign pollen to stick to emerge. Under closed condition, the pollination was made by sugar solution with low concentration +pollen, average seed-setting of CMS were 1.37～2.13 grains per flower, and available seeds were 3.80～4.88 grains per pod; seed set of CMS could be increased significantly and its significant level might reach 1.0% under mode multiplication and open pollination, the yield of multiplication was increased greatly. It was found that 0.5% sugar was best carrier solution, which average seed-setting of Shaan2A and Shaan3A might increase 2.91 and 2.70 per flower using 0.5% sugar+ pollen, respectively, and yield might rise 10.35% and 11.52%. Though the solutions with 4.0% sugar and 1.0% salt might keep pollen activity in some area, they showed distinctly negative effect in model multiplication field and open pollination test.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 CMS 液体花粉介质 结实 

分 类 号：S565.403[农业科学—作物学]