塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中地区风沙流输沙特征研究  

Sand-transporting of sand flow at the Tazhong Area in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：杨兴华[1,2] 何清[1,2] 艾力.买买提明 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站,新疆塔中841000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2011年第3期479-485,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技攻关项目(200833119);国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BAC40B05-01);公益性气象行业专项“沙漠及周边地区灾害性天气监测预报警报技术(GYHY201006012)”;国家自然科学基金项目(40975097);中国气象局气象新技术推广项目(CMATG2010M29);沙漠气象科学研究基金项目(Sqj2010014)

摘　　要：利用多种积沙仪,通过野外实时输沙观测,对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中的地表风沙流特征进行了分析,结论如下:(1)100 cm高度范围内,总输沙量的63.1%分布在20 cm高度内,72.4%分布在30 cm高度内,随高度的增加,输沙量呈负指数函数下降;由此可见,该地区的风沙活动主要集中在近地面20~30 cm高度范围内;(2)风沙流中跃移、蠕移输沙量的空间分布与风向频率分布存在显著的不一致性,蠕移沙量约占总输沙量的11.6%;(3)沙漠腹地风沙流输沙的粒径以细砂为主,各高度层细砂所占比例均达97%以上;风沙流输沙平均粒径随高度增加而减小,沙尘的含量随高度增加而加大。The damage of sand flow is multi-aspect,not only its destruction to soil surface texture and weakening to anti-erodibility of soil,but also effect on air quality and human activities.The Taklimakan Desert is China's largest,driest,and hottest desert.It is also known as one of the world's largest shifting-sand deserts and the major source areas of sandstorm in China.So,the study on sand-transporting of sand flow is of significance.In this paper,the sand flow over the Tazhong area in the Taklimakan Desert hinterland was studied.The results show as follows:(1)Over 63.1% of the total sand-transporting quantity near the surface is distributed within the height of 10cm,and 72.4% is distributed within the height of 30cm,the results show that the sand-moving region over Tazhong area surface is mainly in height of 30 cm above ground surface.The structure of sand flow increases exponentially with height above the surface.(2)The spatial distribution of the sand-transporting quantity of the saltation and creeping sand appears significant inconsistency with wind direction frequency,and the quantity of creeping could take about 11.6%of the total sand-transporting quantity.(3)The particle size distribution analysis of the wind blown sediment collected from individual layers shows that the proportions of medium sand particles accounts for a considerable higher proportion(>97%),the proportion of sand-dust tends to increasing with increase of heights,while the average particle size tends to decreasing with increase of heights.

关 键 词：塔克拉玛干沙漠 风沙流 风沙流结构 沙粒运动 

分 类 号：P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]