新疆大风区沙尘暴气候特征分析  

Climate characteristics of sandstorm of strong wind area in Xinjiang

作　　者：霍文[1,2] 杨青 何清[1,2] 李红军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站(DAEOT),新疆塔中841000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2011年第5期753-761,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家十一五科技支撑计划项目(2008BAC40B05-01);国家自然基金项目(40975097);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GY-HY201006012);铁道部强风地区大风局地短时预测预报系统研究、沙漠基金(Sqj2009002);中国气象局新技术推广项目(CMATG2007M27);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(IDM201001);新疆气象局项目(200723)共同资助

摘　　要：利用新疆大风区7个气象站点自建站至2009年的沙尘暴日数资料,分析了新疆三十里风区、百里风区及其周边地区沙尘暴气候变化特征。结果表明:(1)研究区域特别是典型大风区,系统性天气配合地形条件,常常形成很强的下坡风和狭管风,有风力强度大、持续时间长的特点,为沙尘暴的发生、发展提供了充分的动力条件。(2)新疆大风区20世纪50、60年代为沙尘暴高发时段,受地表条件的影响,新疆大风区沙尘暴频次低于其他沙尘源丰富地区。随时间序列的推移沙尘暴发生频次呈下降趋势,百里风区发生频次略多于三十里风区。(3)受系统性天气和地形以及下垫面条件的影响,新疆大风区各站点沙尘暴季节分布呈现不同规律,主要表现为春夏双峰型,春季单峰型,夏季单峰型。Based on the sandstorm days data from seven weather stations of strong wind area in Xinjiang,the climate variation features of the sandstorm in Sanshili Wind Area,Baili Wind Area and the surrounding area in Xinjiang are analyzed in this paper.It is showed as follows:(1) Benefiting from the advantageous topographic condition,the systematic weather process in the researching regions,especially the typical gale area,used to form extremely strong downslope wind and narrow-pipe wind with features of high intensity and long duration,which provide sufficient dynamic conditions for the generation and development of sandstorm.(2)The 1950s and 1960s are the high occurrence rate period for the referred gale region in Xinjiang.Meanwhile,affected by terrain condition,the frequency of sandstorms over typical gale region in Xinjiang is lower than that in other abundant sand and dust source zone,the occurrence rate of which showed a decreasing tendency with time,with a slight higher frequency in Baili Wind Area than that in Sanshili Wind Area.(3)With the influence of sytematic weather process,topography and landsurface conditions,the seasonal distribution of sandstorms observed at different observatory in the gale region in Xinjiang showed distinct disciplines,which is mainly characterized by double peak in spring and summer,single peak in spring and single peak in summer respectively.

关 键 词：沙尘暴 大风 春季 夏季 新疆 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]